{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T17:07:56Z","timestamp":1780938476192,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,2]],"date-time":"2018-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1519948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"JSPS KAKEN","award":["N.H. 16K20299"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N.H. 16K20299"]}]},{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["T.N. 26293372"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T.N. 26293372"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sleep apnoea syndrome (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SAS<\/jats:styled-content>) is often associated with glaucoma, and intermittent hypoxia, present in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SAS<\/jats:styled-content>, can contribute to glaucoma pathogenesis. However, the relationships between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SAS<\/jats:styled-content>, high systemic oxidative stress and the speed of glaucoma progression are unclear. Thus, we investigated these relationships in glaucoma patients with and without <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SAS<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Peripheral blood samples were collected from 166 eyes of 166 Japanese patients: 42 controls, 109 open\u2010angle glaucoma (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OAG<\/jats:styled-content>) patients without <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SAS<\/jats:styled-content> and 15 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OAG<\/jats:styled-content> patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SAS<\/jats:styled-content>. Prognostic factors for visual field defect progression were determined with logistic regression. Diacron reactive oxygen metabolites (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">dROM<\/jats:styled-content>) and biological antioxidant potential (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BAP<\/jats:styled-content>) were measured with a free radical analyser. Clinical parameters were also recorded. Intergroup comparisons used the Mann\u2013Whitney <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic> test.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Multiple regression analysis showed that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SAS<\/jats:styled-content> was a statistically significant contributing factor to fast visual field defect progression, defined as mean deviation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MD<\/jats:styled-content>) slope \u2264\u22122.0 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">dB<\/jats:styled-content>\/Y (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SAS<\/jats:styled-content>: odds ratio (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>)\u00a0=\u00a014.48; p<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.002). The non\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SAS<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SAS<\/jats:styled-content> groups had similar age, sex, intraocular pressure (IOP), axial length and antiglaucoma drug use. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SAS<\/jats:styled-content> group had a significantly higher <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">dROM<\/jats:styled-content> level (p<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.001), <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BAP<\/jats:styled-content> level (p<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.038) and steeper <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MD<\/jats:styled-content> slope (p<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.001) than the non\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SAS<\/jats:styled-content> group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Glaucoma patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SAS<\/jats:styled-content> have higher <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">dROM<\/jats:styled-content>, as well as steeper <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MD<\/jats:styled-content> slope, than patients without <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SAS<\/jats:styled-content>, suggesting that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SAS<\/jats:styled-content> may induce systemic oxidative stress and promote glaucomatous visual field defect progression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13693","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,2]],"date-time":"2018-03-02T05:52:38Z","timestamp":1519969958000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["The relationship between increased oxidative stress and visual field defect progression in glaucoma patients with sleep apnoea syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Erika","family":"Yamada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai 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