{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T08:01:57Z","timestamp":1777363317609,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,14]],"date-time":"2018-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1520985600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UM1 CA186107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1 CA186107"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UM1 CA167552"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1 CA167552"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EY09611"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EY09611"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EY015473"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EY015473"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21 EY022766"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21 EY022766"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006691","name":"Harvard Medical School","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the association between flavonoid intake and incident primary open\u2010angle glaucoma (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">POAG<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We followed 65\u00a0516 women from the Nurses\u2019 Health Study (from 1984) and 42\u00a0156 men from the Health Professionals Follow\u2010up Study (from 1986) biennially to 2012, who were 40+ years old, free of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">POAG<\/jats:styled-content>, and reported eye examinations. Dietary flavonoid intake was assessed with validated repeated semi\u2010quantitative food frequency questionnaires. Incident <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">POAG<\/jats:styled-content> cases (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01575) were confirmed with medical record review. Cohort\u2010specific multivariable\u2010adjusted relative risks (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RR<\/jats:styled-content>s) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated and meta\u2010analysed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Total flavonoid intake was not associated with risk of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">POAG<\/jats:styled-content> development [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RR<\/jats:styled-content> for highest (Q5: median ~645\u00a0mg\/day) versus lowest quintile (Q1: ~130\u00a0mg\/day)\u00a0=\u00a00.91 (95% CI\u00a0=\u00a00.77, 1.08); p for trend (p\u2010trend)\u00a0=\u00a00.19]; the flavonoid subclasses of flavones, flavanones, polymeric flavanols or anthocyanidins were also not associated (Q5 versus Q1 comparison p\u2010values \u22650.05 and p\u2010trend \u22650.09). Higher intakes of flavonols and monomeric flavanols were nominally associated with lower <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">POAG<\/jats:styled-content> risk, based on the Q5 versus Q1 comparisons or p\u2010trends. The Q5 versus Q1 comparison <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RR<\/jats:styled-content>s were: for flavonols, 0.82 (95% CI\u00a0=\u00a00.69, 0.97; p\u2010trend\u00a0=\u00a00.05; ~28 versus ~8\u00a0mg\/day), and for monomeric flavanols, 0.86 (95% CI\u00a0=\u00a00.72, 1.02; p\u2010trend=0.04; ~110 versus 10\u00a0mg\/day). The food\/beverage that contributed most to both the variation of flavonols and monomeric flavanols was tea; consuming ~2 cups\/day was associated with 18% lower <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">POAG<\/jats:styled-content> risk (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RR<\/jats:styled-content>=0.82; 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a00.68, 0.99; p\u2010trend\u00a0=\u00a00.02).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Total flavonoid intake was not associated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">POAG<\/jats:styled-content> risk. Greater intakes of flavonols and monomeric flavanols and of tea showed suggestive modest associations with lower risk; these results need confirmation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13705","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,15]],"date-time":"2018-03-15T11:46:18Z","timestamp":1521114378000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Prospective study of flavonoid intake and risk of primary open\u2010angle glaucoma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"96","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4812-0557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jae H.","family":"Kang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Channing Division of Network Medicine Department of Medicine Brigham &amp; Women's Hospital\/Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kerry L.","family":"Ivey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health Boston MA USA"},{"name":"South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute Infection and Immunity Theme School of Medicine Flinders University Adelaide SA Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tahani","family":"Boumenna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Glaucoma Service Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Rosner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Channing Division of Network Medicine Department of Medicine Brigham &amp; Women's Hospital\/Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janey L.","family":"Wiggs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Glaucoma Service Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Louis R.","family":"Pasquale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Channing Division of Network Medicine Department of Medicine Brigham &amp; Women's Hospital\/Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Glaucoma Service Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2013.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.70.8.823"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(00)00314-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.110.006783"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2005.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf9032602"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2008.01.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","volume-title":"The analysis of survival data","author":"Cox DR","year":"1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","first-page":"1849","article-title":"Effect of age on superoxide dismutase activity of human trabecular meshwork","volume":"37","author":"De La Paz MA","year":"1996","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(86)90046-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-009-1064-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8223(93)91754-E"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6870"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199010113231504"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-13168"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-2333(00)00053-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199711203372102"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009849"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf071998l"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.121.12.1762"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-16088"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2010.04.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/162750"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2013.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/131.9.2248"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2532940"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-0397"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/79.5.727"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21551197.2012.698221"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-5777"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00061198-199610000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000335961"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/108076804772745446"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3341\/kjo.2011.25.5.323"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.03.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-015-3168-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(02)01745-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199001000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-013-2755-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_41_1","volume-title":"Modern epidemiology","author":"Rothman KJ","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/18.4.858"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009532"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms11010107"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0891-5849(91)90181-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2013.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_47_1","first-page":"1288","article-title":"Effects of Mirtogenol\u00ae on ocular blood flow and intraocular hypertension in asymptomatic subjects","volume":"14","author":"Steigerwalt RD","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol Vis"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_48_1","first-page":"471","article-title":"Mirtogenol\u00ae potentiates latanoprost in lowering intraocular pressure and improves ocular blood flow in asymptomatic subjects","volume":"4","author":"Steigerwalt RD","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_49_1","unstructured":"Tea Association of the USA Inc.Tea fact sheet \u2013 2015. Available at:http:\/\/www.teausa.com\/14655\/tea-fact-sheet. (Accessed on 10 Apr 2017)."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.12373"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.05.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12263-008-0091-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114366"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2004.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2007.12.015"}],"container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Faos.13705","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/aos.13705","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,9]],"date-time":"2023-09-09T21:14:59Z","timestamp":1694294099000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/aos.13705"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,14]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/aos.13705"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aos.13705","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1755-375X","1755-3768"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1755-375X","type":"print"},{"value":"1755-3768","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-05-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-12-14","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-03-14","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}