{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T02:16:14Z","timestamp":1784945774652,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,16]],"date-time":"2018-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1523836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Finnish Eye Foundation"},{"name":"The Friends of the Blinded c.o."},{"name":"The Finnish Eye and Tissue Bank Foundation"},{"name":"The Finnish Ophthalmological Society"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015738","name":"Mary and Georg C. Ehrnrooth Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe epidemiology, causes, treatments and outcomes of all ocular injuries in southern Finland among people aged 61 and older.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>All new ocular trauma patients, admitted to the Helsinki University Eye Hospital, during 1\u00a0year in 2011\u20132012. The data were from hospital records and prospectively from patient questionnaires. The follow\u2010up time was 3\u00a0months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The incidence for ocular injuries among the elderly was 38\/100\u00a0000\/year. From 118 patients 69% were men. The mean age was 70.9\u00a0years old (median 67). The hospitalization rate was 14%. Injury types were minor traumas (48%), contusions (22%), chemical injuries (10%), eyelid wounds (8%), open globe injuries (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OGI<\/jats:styled-content>; 7%) and orbital fractures (5%). The injuries occurred at home (58%), institutions (12%) and in other public places (12%). The main causes of ocular injury were falls (22%), sticks (19%), superficial foreign bodies (18%) and chemicals (12%). All <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OGI<\/jats:styled-content> and 88% of contusions needed a lifelong follow\u2010up. A permanent visual or functional impairment occurred in 15 (13%) patients. Of these 53% were <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OGI<\/jats:styled-content>, 40% contusions and 7% chemical injuries. The causes of permanent injuries were falls (seven cases, 47%), work tools, sports equipment, sticks, chemicals and eyeglasses. The incidence for legal blindness was 2.3\/100\u00a0000.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Minor trauma was the most frequent type, and home was the location of the most occurred eye injuries. Falls were the most frequent and serious cause, but behavioural causes were not significant. Preventive measures should be directed towards the main identified causes and risk factors of the eye injuries in the elderly.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13714","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,16]],"date-time":"2018-04-16T15:42:38Z","timestamp":1523893358000},"page":"616-622","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Ocular trauma in the Finnish elderly \u2013 Helsinki Ocular Trauma Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"96","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3792-6371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmad","family":"Sahraravand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna\u2010Kaisa","family":"Haavisto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juha M.","family":"Holopainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiina","family":"Leivo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.50.4.436"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2010.60"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.86.7.795"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13327"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-011-0115-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1998.tb01014.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(02)01935-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1992.01080180110037"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-1549(02)00007-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0181-5512(04)96122-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09286580600665886"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03324744"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afl085"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/JETS.JETS_90_16"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","first-page":"34","article-title":"The incidence of serious eye injury in Scotland: a prospective study","volume":"28","author":"Morris DS","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eye (Basingstoke)"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1076\/opep.5.3.143.8364"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","first-page":"609","volume-title":"Glaucoma","author":"Noureddin BN","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3181f9c22e"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afl084"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13313"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","unstructured":"Statistics Finland PX\u2010Web statistical database.Population structure according to gender and age between 1983\u20132015. 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