{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T02:16:17Z","timestamp":1791598577522,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,15]],"date-time":"2018-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1523750400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of meibomian gland dysfunction (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MGD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) and its association with tear film and ocular surface parameters in an Austrian clinical population of dry eye patients.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The records of 1372 consecutive patients from a dry eye unit were analysed retrospectively. Symptoms and objective tear film and ocular surface parameters were evaluated. Patients were classified into pure\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MGD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , pure aqueous tear deficiency (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ATD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ),\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MGD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      combined with\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ATD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , pure anterior blepharitis (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AB<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ), Sjogren's syndrome (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) without\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MGD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      together with\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MGD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Nine\u2010hundred and sixty\u2010five patients, that is 70.3% of the investigated population, mean age 55.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a016.6\u00a0years, had signs of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MGD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . Of these, 684 (70.9%) were female. The intensity of symptoms did not differ between subgroups. Four hundred and ninety (50.8%)\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MGD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      patients had Schirmer test values \u226410\u00a0mm\/5\u00a0min. The fluorescein break\u2010up time and Schirmer test values were significantly higher in the pure\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AB<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MGD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      group. The pure\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MGD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      group showed a significantly lower fluorescein staining of the cornea compared to the other groups, except for pure\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AB<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . Lissamine green staining of the ocular surface was present in all groups, but was at least pronounced in the pure\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MGD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AB<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      group.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Meibomian gland dysfunction is a major cause of ocular discomfort and could often be found in combination with a reduced aqueous tear secretion. Although the intensity of subjective complaints was similar to all other subgroups, pure\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MGD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      exhibited the lowest severity of signs of ocular surface damage and also affected younger people.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13732","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,15]],"date-time":"2018-04-15T18:51:53Z","timestamp":1523818313000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["The prevalence of meibomian gland dysfunction, tear film and ocular surface parameters in an Austrian dry eye clinic population"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"96","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9380-6243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dieter Franz","family":"Rabensteiner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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