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These options are limited by restraints on reimbursements for new and expensive drugs. These restraints are put in place through health policy decisions based on cost\u2010effectiveness analyses (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CEA<\/jats:styled-content>). Cost\u2010effectiveness analyses need to be valid and of good quality to support correct decisions to create new treatment opportunities. In this study, we report the quality, validity and usefulness of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CEA<\/jats:styled-content>s for therapies for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">nAMD<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A systematic review in PubMed, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EMBASE<\/jats:styled-content> and Cochrane was performed to include <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CEA<\/jats:styled-content>s. Quality and validity assessment was based on current general quality criteria and on elements that are specific to the field of ophthalmology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty\u2010eight <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CEA<\/jats:styled-content>s were included in the review. Forty\u2010four <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CEA<\/jats:styled-content>s did not meet four basic model quality and validity criteria specific to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CEA<\/jats:styled-content>s in the field of ophthalmology (both eyes analysed instead of one; a time horizon extending beyond 4\u00a0years; extrapolating <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VA<\/jats:styled-content> and treatment intervals beyond trial data realistically; and including the costs of low\u2010vision). Four <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CEA<\/jats:styled-content>s aligned with the quality and validity criteria. In two of these <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CEA<\/jats:styled-content>s bevacizumab as\u2010needed (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PRN<\/jats:styled-content>) was more cost\u2010effective than bevacizumab monthly; aflibercept (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VIEW<\/jats:styled-content>); or ranibizumab monthly or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PRN<\/jats:styled-content>. In two <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CEA<\/jats:styled-content>s, ranibizumab (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PRN<\/jats:styled-content> or treat and extent) was dominant over aflibercept. In two other <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CEA<\/jats:styled-content>s, aflibercept was either more cost\u2010effective or dominant over ranibizumab monthly or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PRN<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CEA<\/jats:styled-content>s of sufficient quality and validity show that bevacizumab <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PRN<\/jats:styled-content> is the most cost\u2010effective treatment. Comparing ranibizumab and aflibercept, either treatment can be more cost\u2010effective depending on the assumptions used for drug prices and treatment frequencies. The majority of the published <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CEA<\/jats:styled-content>s are of insufficient quality and validity. They wrongly inform decision\u2010makers at the cost of opportunities for ophthalmologists to treat patients. As such, they may negatively influence overall patient outcomes and societal costs. For future ophthalmic treatments, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CEA<\/jats:styled-content>s need to be improved and only published when they are of sufficient quality and validity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13824","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,4]],"date-time":"2018-06-04T13:04:25Z","timestamp":1528117465000},"page":"770-778","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["A systematic review on the quality, validity and usefulness of current cost\u2010effectiveness studies for treatments of neovascular age\u2010related macular degeneration"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"96","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3223-5042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mari","family":"Elshout","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Maastricht University Medical Center University Eye Clinic Maastricht Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carroll A.B.","family":"Webers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maastricht University Medical Center University Eye Clinic Maastricht Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margriet I.","family":"van der Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maastricht University Medical Center University Eye Clinic Maastricht Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan S.A.G.","family":"Schouten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maastricht University Medical Center University Eye Clinic Maastricht Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0266462306051452"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2012.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-006-9126-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6702636"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.07.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00019053-200017050-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","first-page":"473","article-title":"Vision and quality\u2010of\u2010life","volume":"97","author":"Brown GC","year":"1999","journal-title":"Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(00)00169-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.118.1.47"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.120.4.481"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6257(02)00457-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2005.04.061"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.09.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","unstructured":"BrownA HodgeW CruessAet\u00a0al. 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