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Although there are several known risk factors, the influence of obstructive sleep apnoea (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OSA<\/jats:styled-content>) has not been completely elucidated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NAION<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OSA<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This retrospective, longitudinal cohort study used the national health insurance database of Taiwan covering the period 1996\u20132013. Patients without <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NAION<\/jats:styled-content> at the diagnosis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OSA<\/jats:styled-content> or who developed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NAION<\/jats:styled-content> 1\u00a0year after the diagnosis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OSA<\/jats:styled-content> were enrolled. The patients were followed until death or the last day of the study. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to compute hazard ratios (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content>s) and 95% confidence intervals (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>s) to investigate the association between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OSA<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NAION<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were 8488 patients in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OSA<\/jats:styled-content> group and 33\u00a0952 in the control group (without <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OSA<\/jats:styled-content>), for a ratio of approximately 1:4. The percentages of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NAION<\/jats:styled-content> were 0.36% and 0.2% in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OSA<\/jats:styled-content> and control groups, respectively, with a statistically significant difference (p<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.01; chi\u2010square test), and this significant difference remained in multivariate analysis (p<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.019) with a significantly higher <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content> (1.66; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 1.08\u20132.55). There was significant difference in the 30\u201339\u00a0years age group in multivariate analysis (p<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.01, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content>: 6.30; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 2.28\u201317.40).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was a strong association between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NAION<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OSA<\/jats:styled-content>, and the patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OSA<\/jats:styled-content> had a higher risk of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NAION<\/jats:styled-content>. Further large\u2010scale, prospective studies are warranted to evaluate the effect of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OSA<\/jats:styled-content> on developing <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NAION<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13832","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,1]],"date-time":"2018-09-01T06:44:46Z","timestamp":1535784286000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Nonarteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy and its association with obstructive sleep apnoea: a health insurance database study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Ming\u2010Hui","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medicine College of Medicine Chang Gung University Taoyuan 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