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The cornea is primarily innervated by the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerves (cranial nerve V), which distend bilaterally from the pons. The nasociliary branch (afferent) of the ophthalmic nerve is sensory for cornea, eyelid and conjunctiva. These nerve fibres play a role in sensing temperature, chemical and mechanical stimuli, and pain, whereas, branches of the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) contain motor nerves that control blinking and autonomic (sympathetic and a paucity of parasympathetic) fibres that stimulate tear production and secretion via feedback loops between the ocular surface, lacrimal glands and brain. Disruption of these nerves with interruption of neural feedback loops between the ocular surface and lacrimal glands can lead to corneal diseases such as dry eye disease (DED) and neurotrophic keratopathy (NK). Inversely, hypersensitivity of the nerve fibres and\/or dysregulation of pain\u2010controlling nervous centres may lead to neuropathic pain. Recently, medications that specifically target regeneration of corneal nerves have started to become available \u2013 and considering the high prevalence of diseases associated with corneal nerve dysfunction, these agents promise to fulfil a hitherto important unmet need. In this review, we explore the physiology of corneal nerves, the pathology of corneal nerve diseases and how these relate to neuropathic pain, NK and DED. We also discuss what novel treatments may be useful against diseases involving corneal nerves.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13844","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,18]],"date-time":"2018-09-18T02:33:51Z","timestamp":1537238031000},"page":"137-145","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":213,"title":["Role of corneal nerves in ocular surface homeostasis and disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"97","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1680-1887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc","family":"Labetoulle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology South Paris University Hospital\u2010APHP Le Kremlin\u2010Bic\u00eatre France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christophe","family":"Baudouin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quinze\u2010Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital Paris France"},{"name":"INSERM UMRS968 CNRS UMR7210 Paris 6 Vision Institute UPMC University Paris France"},{"name":"University of Versailles Saint\u2010Quentin en Yvelines Versaille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margarita","family":"Calonge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Valladolid Valladolid Spain"},{"name":"CIBER\u2010BBN Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Merayo\u2010Lloves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oviedo Oviedo Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0471-0371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kostas G.","family":"Boboridis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yonca A.","family":"Akova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bayindir Hospital Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pasquale","family":"Aragona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Messina Messina Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerd","family":"Geerling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Dusseldorf Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth M.","family":"Messmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ludwig Maximilian University Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Ben\u00edtez\u2010del\u2010Castillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Complutense University Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2009.173799"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-017-0100-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","unstructured":"Allergan(2017):Allergan granted marketing authorization by the FDA for TrueTearTM the first intranasal neurostimulating device proven to temporarily increase tear production. 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