{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T19:28:45Z","timestamp":1757705325314,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,3]],"date-time":"2018-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538524800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this observational study was to evaluate the epidemiology of disc haemorrhages (DH) in Polish patients with normal tension glaucoma (NTG) and their association with some risk factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The group studied consisted of 274 Caucasian patients with NTG (410 eyes) divided into those with disk haemorrhages (DH+,\u00a0=\u00a094 eyes in 81 patients) and those without disc haemorrhages (DH\u2212,\u00a0=\u00a0316 eyes in 193 patients). Ophthalmic examinations with visual field (VF) testing were carried out in these patients every 3\u00a0months for at least 18\u00a0months. The medical history was recorded taking glaucoma, other ophthalmic diseases, chronic general disorders and vascular risk factors into account.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Unilateral and bilateral DH were observed more frequently in women (p\u00a0=\u00a00.0010). Maximum IOP was significantly higher in the DH+ group (p\u00a0=\u00a00.000026). Notches and peripapillary atrophy were found with similar frequency in DH+ and DH\u2212 patients (p\u00a0=\u00a00.4631). The mean defect (MD) in the VF at the time of diagnosis was lower in the DH+ group (\u22126.27\u00a0dB) than in the DH group (\u221210.14\u00a0dB), (p\u00a0=\u00a00.000055). The initial MD in the DH+ group had a positive correlation with maximum initial IOP. A progressive loss of VF was observed in 206 eyes with NTG (50.2%), with a mean of 0.72\u00a0dB\/year. The progression was more frequent in DH+ patients (78.4% versus 41.1%), but there were no statistically significant differences in the rate of progression between DH+ and DH\u2212 patients (p\u00a0=\u00a00.46). The morphology of early scotoma depended on the presence of DH (p<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.00001), and early scotoma in the DH+ group was more frequently localized paracentrally. There was a significant difference in a number of antiglaucoma drops between DH+ and DH\u2212 patients (p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.00001). There were no differences in the frequency of migraines between both groups (p\u00a0=\u00a00.31). General hypotension was observed with similar frequency in the DH+ DH\u2212 groups (p\u00a0=\u00a00.3). General hypertension was less frequent in DH+ patients (p\u00a0=\u00a00.041), especially in women (p\u00a0=\u00a00.000027). Diabetes mellitus (DM) was significantly less frequent (21.3%) in patients with DH+ (3.7%) than in the DH\u2212 group (p\u00a0=\u00a00.000852), especially among the women (p\u00a0=\u00a00.000216).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In our study, DH were more frequent both unilaterally and bilaterally in women. Initial intraocular pressure (IOP) was higher in NTG patients with DH, and early scotoma was localized in the paracentral area of the VF. Disc haemorrhages (DH) were less frequent in women with general hypertension and with diabetes mellitus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13848","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,5]],"date-time":"2018-10-05T19:16:54Z","timestamp":1538767014000},"page":"68-73","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Disc haemorrhages in Polish Caucasian patients with normal tension glaucoma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"97","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5251-7998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ewa","family":"Kosior\u2010Jarecka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostics and Microsurgery of Glaucoma Medical University of Lublin Lublin Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dominika","family":"Wr\u00f3bel\u2010Dudzi\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostics and Microsurgery of Glaucoma Medical University of Lublin Lublin Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Urszula","family":"\u0141ukasik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostics and Microsurgery of Glaucoma Medical University of Lublin Lublin Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomasz","family":"\u017barnowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostics and Microsurgery of Glaucoma Medical University of Lublin Lublin Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(00)00518-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02713683.2011.559563"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-010-1306-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.05.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.82.8.862"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)04240-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","first-page":"1101","article-title":"The neurologic evaluation\u00a0of patients with low\u2010tension glaucoma","volume":"26","author":"Corbett JJ","year":"1985","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-6257(89)90010-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(01)00964-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2014.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-17274"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(98)92704-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","first-page":"2956","article-title":"Morphologic predictive factors for development of optic disc hemorrhages in glaucoma","volume":"43","author":"Jonas JB","year":"2002","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3341\/kjo.2015.29.2.102"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.121.5.643"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2009.163"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","first-page":"539","article-title":"Visual prognosis in advanced glaucoma: a comparison of medical and surgical therapy for retention of vision in 101 eyes with advanced glaucoma","volume":"75","author":"Kolker AE","year":"1977","journal-title":"Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0b013e31829484c6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.03.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.03.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-6257(80)90123-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2010.02.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00061198-200604000-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2015.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2007.061237"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.02.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-17502"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.06.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_1","first-page":"227","article-title":"Can diabetes be good for glaucoma? Why can't we believe our own eyes (or data)?","volume":"127","author":"Quigley HA","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1997.01100160427006"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0b013e3282f3919b"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2007.01288.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(99)90347-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.2010.02482.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2013.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/gme.0b013e3182443137"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(97)30075-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.13.2.S3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16257-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/368792"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ijg.0000137436.68060.d2"}],"container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Faos.13848","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/aos.13848","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,10]],"date-time":"2023-09-10T01:36:45Z","timestamp":1694309805000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/aos.13848"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,3]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/aos.13848"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aos.13848","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1755-375X","1755-3768"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1755-375X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1755-3768"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-08-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-05-14","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-10-03","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}