{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T05:35:08Z","timestamp":1791264908613,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,28]],"date-time":"2018-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1545955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Korea University Grand"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare the structure and function of the Meibomian gland and eyelid blinking patterns between thyroid eye disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TED<\/jats:styled-content>) patients with dry eye and nonthyroidal dry eye (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DE<\/jats:styled-content>) patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a prospective, cross\u2010sectional and observational study. Clinical measurements were performed as follows: (1) external examination, (2) Lipiview<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> Interferometer (lipid layer thickness, incomplete blinking rate and meibography) and (3) slit\u2010lamp biomicroscopy (corneal staining, tear break\u2010up time (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TBUT<\/jats:styled-content>), meibum expression).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TED<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DE<\/jats:styled-content> groups included 98 and 62 patients, respectively. The meiboscores of the upper eyelid in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TED<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DE<\/jats:styled-content> groups were significantly different (1.21\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.76 and 0.94\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.71, respectively, p\u00a0=\u00a00.046). The rate of incomplete blinking was 53.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a034.5 and 34.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a036.3%, respectively, and was significantly higher in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TED<\/jats:styled-content> group (p\u00a0=\u00a00.006).<\/jats:p><jats:p>In the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TED<\/jats:styled-content> group, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAS<\/jats:styled-content> was the only variable affecting the meiboscore of the upper and lower eyelids (p\u00a0=\u00a00.031, 0.039, respectively). Significantly, active <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TED<\/jats:styled-content> patients had more decreased basal tear secretion than inactive <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TED<\/jats:styled-content> patients (7.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.1\u00a0mm versus 8.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.5\u00a0mm, p\u00a0=\u00a00.024). Moreover, active <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TED<\/jats:styled-content> patients had decreased meibum expression in both upper and lower eyelids compared with inactive <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TED<\/jats:styled-content> patients (2.20\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.88 versus 1.08\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.84, p\u00a0=\u00a00.002 in upper eyelid, 2.10\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.88 versus 1.18\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.88, p\u00a0=\u00a00.007 in lower eyelid, respectively).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TED<\/jats:styled-content> patients, incomplete blinking and loss of Meibomian gland structure in the upper eyelid were more prominent than in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DE<\/jats:styled-content> patients. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAS<\/jats:styled-content> was a factor affecting the structural loss of Meibomian glands in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TED<\/jats:styled-content> individuals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,29]],"date-time":"2018-12-29T04:49:45Z","timestamp":1546058985000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Dry eye syndrome in thyroid eye disease patients: The role of increased incomplete blinking and Meibomian gland loss"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Jinhwan","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Korea University College of Medicine Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5918-8165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sehyun","family":"Baek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Korea University College of Medicine Seoul 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