{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T05:16:31Z","timestamp":1780636591924,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,6]],"date-time":"2019-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557100800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009950","name":"Ministry of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017R1D1A1B03034469"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017R1D1A1B03034469"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009950","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare the non\u2010invasive keratographic tear film break\u2010up time (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NIKBUT<\/jats:styled-content>) and the location and pattern of non\u2010invasive keratographic tear film break\u2010up between normal group and each group of three dry eye disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DED<\/jats:styled-content>) subtypes<jats:bold>.<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We enrolled 55 normal subjects and 250 patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DED<\/jats:styled-content>, who underwent tear meniscus height and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NIKBUT<\/jats:styled-content> measurements using the Keratograph<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> 5M. Ocular surface parameter assessments such as the fluorescein tear break\u2010up time, ocular surface staining, Schirmer's test, and lid margin and meibomian gland examinations were performed, and the ocular surface disease index was determined. These parameters, including the proportion of the first tear film break\u2010up location and simultaneous multiple tear film break\u2010up pattern, were compared amongst the normal and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DED<\/jats:styled-content> subtypes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Aqueous\u2010deficient dry eye disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADDE<\/jats:styled-content>) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADDE<\/jats:styled-content>\/meibomian gland dysfunction (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MGD<\/jats:styled-content>) subtypes showed lower <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NIKBUT<\/jats:styled-content>s than those of the normal group, whilst <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NIKBUT<\/jats:styled-content>s of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MGD<\/jats:styled-content> subtype did not differ from those of the normal group. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NIKBUT<\/jats:styled-content>s showed a good diagnostic ability in diagnosing dry eye except <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MGD<\/jats:styled-content> only. The occurrence of the first tear film break\u2010up in the central location was significantly higher in both the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADDE<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADDE<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MGD<\/jats:styled-content> subtypes, comprising approximately 40% in both subtypes (p<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.001). The proportion of a simultaneous multiple tear film break\u2010up pattern was higher in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADDE<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADDE<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MGD<\/jats:styled-content> subtypes, at 60.9% and 45.5%, respectively (p<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NIKBUT<\/jats:styled-content>s and the location and pattern of non\u2010invasive tear film break\u2010up were different between normal group and each group of three <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DED<\/jats:styled-content> subtypes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,7]],"date-time":"2019-05-07T04:49:44Z","timestamp":1557204584000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Location and pattern of non\u2010invasive keratographic tear film break\u2010up according to dry eye disease subtypes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Jieun","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Inha Vision Science Laboratory Inha University School of Medicine Incheon South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung Yong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Inha Vision Science Laboratory Inha University School of Medicine Incheon South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyoung 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