{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T04:29:02Z","timestamp":1780115342145,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,6]],"date-time":"2019-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557100800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ip<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RGC<\/jats:styled-content>s) and sleep quality are impaired in patients with primary open\u2010angle glaucoma (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">POAG<\/jats:styled-content>). In this study, we investigated whether ip<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RGC<\/jats:styled-content>s and sleep quality were also impaired in patients with normal tension glaucoma (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NTG<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed pupillometry and sleep quality assessment in 15 patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NTG<\/jats:styled-content> and 17 healthy age\u2010matched controls. Pupillometry protocol consisted of monocular stimulation with high illuminance (100 lux) red (633\u00a0nm, 300\u00a0cd\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> or 15.23 log quanta\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\/s) and blue light (463\u00a0nm, 332\u00a0cd\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> or 15.27 log quanta\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\/s) and binocular pupil measurements. Prior to light stimulation, patients were dark\u2010adapted for 5\u00a0min. The late postillumination pupillary response (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PIPR<jats:sub>L<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>ate<\/jats:sub>) to blue light was used as marker of ip<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RGC<\/jats:styled-content> activity. Sleep quality was assessed by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PSQI<\/jats:styled-content>) questionnaire.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PIPR<jats:sub>L<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>ate<\/jats:sub> to blue light was significantly reduced in patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NTG<\/jats:styled-content> compared to healthy subjects (p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), indicating impairment of the melanopsin\u2010mediated pupillary pathway. There was no significant difference in the response elicited by red light (p\u00a0=\u00a00.6). Baseline pupil diameter and pupillary constriction amplitude to both red and blue light were reduced in patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NTG<\/jats:styled-content> (p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). The global score in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PSQI<\/jats:styled-content> was not significantly different between healthy controls and patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NTG<\/jats:styled-content>, indicating normal sleep quality (p\u00a0=\u00a00.6). Furthermore, we found no correlation between sleep parameters and pupillary light reflex parameters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NTG<\/jats:styled-content> exhibited reduced ip<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RGC<\/jats:styled-content> activity compared to healthy subjects, while no differences were observed in sleep quality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,7]],"date-time":"2019-05-07T05:11:03Z","timestamp":1557205863000},"page":"65-73","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Melanopsin\u2010mediated pupillary light reflex and sleep quality in patients with normal tension 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