{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T02:36:05Z","timestamp":1777430165706,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,30]],"date-time":"2019-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To perform an epidemiological survey of all patients in Denmark diagnosed with primary congenital glaucoma (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCG<\/jats:styled-content>) from 1977 to 2016.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective, nationwide study based on a review of medical files of all children with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCG<\/jats:styled-content> born in Denmark from 1977 to 2016. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCG<\/jats:styled-content> was defined as glaucoma due to isolated angle dysgenesis affecting children from birth and including late onset\/late recognized <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCG<\/jats:styled-content>, excluding glaucoma associated with other congenital abnormalities. Incidence and risk factors of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCG<\/jats:styled-content> including gender, consanguinity, family history, ethnicity, comorbidity and prematurity were evaluated and stratified by decade (1977\u20131986, 1987\u20131996, 1997\u20132006 and 2007\u20132016). Age at first symptoms, age at diagnosis, age at time of first surgery and possible diagnostic delay were assessed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 118 patients were identified, annual incidence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCG<\/jats:styled-content> was 4.8 per 100\u00a0000 live born. 62.3% of cases were bilateral. The relative risk (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RR<\/jats:styled-content>) of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCG<\/jats:styled-content> was significantly higher in boys (62.7% of patients, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RR<\/jats:styled-content> 1.60 (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.10\u20132.32)). 13.6% had comorbidity. Median age at time of first symptoms was 75\u00a0days, median age at time of diagnosis was 150\u00a0days and median diagnostic delay was 75\u00a0days with no significant difference throughout the decades. Unilateral cases presented symptoms and were diagnosed significantly later than bilateral cases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We provide unique nation\u2010based information on the incidence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCG<\/jats:styled-content> from a single country covering 40\u00a0years. Male gender was a risk factor. Diagnostic delay was unchanged throughout the 4 decades and a high percentage of comorbidity was revealed. Introducing a standardized paediatric screening of all <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCG<\/jats:styled-content> children should be considered.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,30]],"date-time":"2019-10-30T11:45:06Z","timestamp":1572435906000},"page":"182-189","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Primary congenital glaucoma in Denmark, 1977\u20132016"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"98","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7069-4074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen B.","family":"Pedersen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology University Hospital of Copenhagen Rigshospitalet\u2010Glostrup Glostrup Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6354-3318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Per","family":"Kappelgaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology University Hospital of Copenhagen Rigshospitalet\u2010Glostrup Glostrup Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9375-1510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Line","family":"Kessel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology University Hospital of Copenhagen Rigshospitalet\u2010Glostrup Glostrup Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9902-7008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisbeth","family":"Sandfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Zealand University Hospital Roskilde Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Zibrandtsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Strandvejens Eye Clinic Hellerup Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8249-5104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniella","family":"Bach\u2010Holm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology University Hospital of Copenhagen Rigshospitalet\u2010Glostrup Glostrup Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"458","article-title":"The development of the trabecular meshwork and its abnormality in primary infantile glaucoma","volume":"79","author":"Anderson DR","year":"1981","journal-title":"Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","unstructured":"ChangT BrookesJ CavuotoK BitrianE&GrajewskiA.(2013):Primary congenital glaucoma and juvenile open\u2010angle glaucoma.WeinrebR GrajewskiA PapadopoulosM GriggJ&FreedmanS eds. 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