{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T19:19:31Z","timestamp":1782760771867,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,30]],"date-time":"2019-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567123200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005614","name":"Biogen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005614","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate feasibility, reliability and discriminative validity of pseudoisochromatic (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PIC<\/jats:styled-content>) colour vision tests, the Mollon\u2013Reffin minimalist (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRM<\/jats:styled-content>) test and the Cambridge Colour Test (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCT<\/jats:styled-content>) among children (3\u201310\u00a0years) with reduced visual acuity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty\u2010three patients with reduced visual acuity and 38 healthy control subjects with age\u2010related normal visual acuity were recruited for this prospective study. Visual acuity in patients was reduced due to amblyopia, binocular maculopathy, or optic neuropathy. Tests were performed in a single 1\u2010hr session.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>All but two children successfully completed the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PIC<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRM<\/jats:styled-content> tests. Success rate for the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCT<\/jats:styled-content> was lower, 87%, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> [72%, 96%] for control subjects and 79%, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> [61%, 91%] for patients, with a strong positive effect of age on the odds of successful completion (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 5.63, p\u00a0=\u00a00.007). Reliability was high in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PIC<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRM<\/jats:styled-content> tests but comparably lower in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCT<\/jats:styled-content>. The rate of correct answers in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PIC<\/jats:styled-content> tests was between 88% and 100%. One proband was diagnosed with deuteranomaly with an average Ishihara score of 21%. All children (with the exception of one daltonian) scored at least two points in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRM<\/jats:styled-content> test. Sensitivity thresholds in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCT<\/jats:styled-content> decreased with age with a strong effect size in control subjects and weak to moderate effect size in patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pseudoisochromatic and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRM<\/jats:styled-content> tests show sufficient feasibility in young children with reduced visual acuity. For <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCT<\/jats:styled-content> feasibility in 3\u20135\u2010year olds is reduced, most probably due to the longer test duration. Consistent with earlier findings, colour discrimination thresholds decrease with age independent on visual acuity status.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14219","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,30]],"date-time":"2019-08-30T14:04:43Z","timestamp":1567173883000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Colour vision testing in young children with reduced visual acuity"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"98","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2276-8291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oliver Andreas","family":"Pf\u00e4ffli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B\u00e1lint","family":"Tam\u00e1si","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James V. 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