{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T15:43:39Z","timestamp":1789573419051,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,17]],"date-time":"2019-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1566000000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To study the characteristics of choroid thickness (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content>) of the optic disc and macula in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content>) without visual impairment and diabetic retinopathy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DR<\/jats:styled-content>) and analyse associated factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A square area of 6\u00a0\u00d7\u00a06\u00a0mm around the centre of the optic disc and macula was scanned. The indices analysed mainly included <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content> at the macular centre (1\u00a0mm), and temporal, superior, nasal or inferior aspect of the inner ring (1\u20133\u00a0mm) and outer ring of (3\u20136\u00a0mm) optic disc and macula. Independent risk factors were analysed using multifactor linear regression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 44 children with T1<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content> and 48 healthy subjects were enrolled. The diabetic group showed significant increase in the inferior inner ring of parapapillary <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content> (100.99\u00a0\u00b1\u00a030.42\u00a0<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>m versus 89.41\u00a0\u00b1\u00a034.00\u00a0<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>m, p\u00a0=\u00a00.04) and nasal outer ring of parapapillary <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content> (157.02\u00a0\u00b1\u00a047.35\u00a0<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>m versus 131.15\u00a0\u00b1\u00a035.17\u00a0<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>m, p\u00a0=\u00a00.01) as compared to those values in the healthy controls. Spherical equivalent refraction and family history of hypertension are independent factors of both peripappillary choroid thickness (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPCT<\/jats:styled-content>) and macular choroid thickness (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PMCT<\/jats:styled-content>). Spherical equivalent refraction (p\u00a0=\u00a00.01) and serum cholesterol (p\u00a0=\u00a00.03) were independent factors of the inferior inner ring of parapapillary <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content>, whereas family history of hypertension was an independent factor of the nasal outer ring of parapapillary <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content> (p\u00a0=\u00a00.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In children with diabetes without <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DR<\/jats:styled-content> or visual impairment, the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content> increase in nasal outer ring of parapapillary (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPNO<\/jats:styled-content>) and the inferior inner ring of parapapillary (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPII<\/jats:styled-content>) may be the characteristic pre\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DR<\/jats:styled-content> alteration at the early stage of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content>. For children with higher serum cholesterol and family history of hypertension, the change of the nasal outer ring of parapapillary <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content> and the inferior inner ring of parapapillary <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content> may be more advanced.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14225","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,17]],"date-time":"2019-08-17T13:08:28Z","timestamp":1566047308000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Change in peripapillary and macular choroidal thickness change in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus without visual impairment or diabetic retinopathy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"98","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6529-7912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tao","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai General Hospital affliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China"},{"name":"Shanghai Eye Diseases Prevention &amp; 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