{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T13:25:09Z","timestamp":1767705909866,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,18]],"date-time":"2019-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>To characterize profile of cytokines in aqueous humour of common macular diseases during intravitreal anti\u2010VEGF<\/jats:styled-content> therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>Aqueous humour from eyes with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO<\/jats:styled-content>), branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO<\/jats:styled-content>), diabetic macular oedema (DME<\/jats:styled-content>), neovascular age\u2010related macular degeneration (nAMD<\/jats:styled-content>) or pathologic myopia associated choroidal neovascularization (pmCNV<\/jats:styled-content>) was sampled prior to 1st (n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0144) and 2nd (n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a048) intravitreal anti\u2010VEGF<\/jats:styled-content> therapy. Cytokines including vascular endothelium growth factor (VEGF<\/jats:styled-content>), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101) and interleukin 6 (IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20106) were quantitated and analysed along with retinal thickness data by optical coherence tomography (OCT<\/jats:styled-content>) across two intravitreal injections and five macular disease types.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>ICAM<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101, IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20106 and VEGF<\/jats:styled-content> are positively associated in the aqueous humour of naive eyes (r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.39\u20130.77, p\u00a0=\u00a00.018 to <0.0001). ICAM<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101, VEGF<\/jats:styled-content> and IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20106 were significantly higher in CRVO<\/jats:styled-content> and DME<\/jats:styled-content> while lowest in pmCNV<\/jats:styled-content> (p\u00a0<\u00a00.0001). Reduction of central retinal thickness (CRT<\/jats:styled-content>) as a favourable response to anti\u2010VEGF<\/jats:styled-content> therapy was in the order of CRVO<\/jats:styled-content>, BRVO<\/jats:styled-content>, DME<\/jats:styled-content> and nAMD<\/jats:styled-content>\/pmCNV<\/jats:styled-content> (p\u00a0<\u00a00.0001). The strongest predictor for favourable CRT<\/jats:styled-content> reduction was baseline CRT<\/jats:styled-content> (p\u00a0<\u00a00.0001) followed by baseline ICAM<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 (p\u00a0=\u00a00.04). After the 1st intravitreal anti\u2010VEGF<\/jats:styled-content> therapy, VEGF<\/jats:styled-content> in aqueous humour lowered significantly but ICAM<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 and IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20106 levels remained unchanged. ICAM<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 was not predictive for CRT<\/jats:styled-content> reduction following 2nd anti\u2010VEGF<\/jats:styled-content> therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>Rate of cytokine production is disease\u2010dependent and higher in CRVO<\/jats:styled-content> and DME<\/jats:styled-content>. Anatomical response to intravitreal anti\u2010VEGF<\/jats:styled-content> therapy is disease\u2010specific and best in RVO<\/jats:styled-content> patients. A combination therapy using both anti\u2010VEGF<\/jats:styled-content> and anti\u2010inflammatory therapeutics may be superior to single anti\u2010VEGF<\/jats:styled-content> therapy, at least for RVO<\/jats:styled-content> and DME<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14248","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,18]],"date-time":"2019-09-18T08:32:11Z","timestamp":1568795531000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Implication of inflammatory cytokines in the aqueous humour for management of macular diseases"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"98","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9369-3998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Quan\u2010Yong","family":"Yi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ningbo Eye Hospital Ningbo 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