{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T16:26:23Z","timestamp":1792167983479,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,18]],"date-time":"2020-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589760000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81670884"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81670884"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81873684"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81873684"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis was conducted to determine the association between the serum vitamin D level and dry eye. A systematic literature search was performed using the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases to identify clinical studies evaluating the association between vitamin D levels and dry eye. The random\u2010effect model was used to combine the results. Possible sources of heterogeneity across studies were determined by meta\u2010regression and sensitivity analysis. Overall, 10 studies (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a018\u00a0919) were included. Patients with dry eye had a mean serum vitamin D level that was lower than that in healthy controls by 3.99\u00a0ng\/ml (95% CI \u22126.57, \u22121.40; p\u00a0=\u00a00.002). The mean Ocular Surface Disease Index score was higher (mean difference 10.70, 95% CI 1.55\u201319.86; p\u00a0=\u00a00.02) and Schirmer\u2019s test without anaesthesia result was lower (mean difference 6.38\u00a0mm\/5\u00a0min, 95% CI \u221210.48, \u22122.28; p\u00a0=\u00a00.002) in patients with vitamin D deficiency than in controls. Tear break\u2010up time was comparable in the vitamin D deficiency and control groups (p\u00a0=\u00a00.15). Sensitivity analyses indicated that the results obtained were robust. This meta\u2010analysis suggested that vitamin D deficiency is associated with worse subjective symptoms and less tear production in patients with dry eye. Vitamin D deficiency may be a risk factor for dry eye syndrome. Prospective cohort and intervention studies are warranted to determine if vitamin D has a protective role in the development of dry eye.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14470","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,18]],"date-time":"2020-05-18T18:57:48Z","timestamp":1589828268000},"page":"749-754","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Vitamin D deficiency is associated with dry eye syndrome: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical College of Ophthalmology Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical College of Ophthalmology Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China"},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science Tianjin Eye Hospital Tianjin Eye Institute Clinical College of Ophthalmology Nankai University Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1257-6635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical College of Ophthalmology Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China"},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science Tianjin Eye Hospital Tianjin Eye Institute Clinical College of Ophthalmology Nankai University Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","first-page":"91","article-title":"The relationship between serum vitamin d levels and dry eye syndrome in postmenopausal women","volume":"11","author":"Arman A","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Clin 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