{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T04:23:51Z","timestamp":1790483031937,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]],"date-time":"2020-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595462400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fitting a customized ocular prosthesis for anophthalmic patients entails an artisanal labour\u2010exhausting process and is standardly based on impression moulding of the socket, which may be anatomically inaccurate. The objective of the study was to design an impression\u2010free socket mould with three\u2010dimensional (3D) technology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The ex vivo anophthalmic socket models included one silicone, one fresh pig cadaver head and three fresh\u2010frozen human cadaver heads. After intra\u2010socket application with iodine substance, five observers obtained eighteen low\u2010dose cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans and one observer one high\u2010dose CBCT scan of each model. The observers designed non\u2010impression 3D moulds of the socket with 3D software. For the human cadaver sockets 3D geometric models of the ocular prosthesis were rendered from the 3D mould of the socket and the mirrored cornea of the contralateral eye.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The posterior surface of the 3D mould was highly accurate, with a mean absolute deviation of 0.28\u00a0mm, 0.53\u00a0mm, 0.37\u00a0mm and mean upper deviation of 0.53\u00a0mm, 0.86\u00a0mm, 1.17\u00a0mm, respectively, for the phantom, pig and human model. The intra\u2010 and interobserver repeatability and reproducibility of the 3D moulds and designs was good (&lt;0.35\u00a0mm). The largest variation in the 3D geometric model was found at the junction of the 3D mould and mirrored cornea.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>3D design of an impression\u2010free geometric model for an ocular prosthesis with low\u2010dose CBCT is highly accurate in ex vivo anophthalmic socket models. This novel method is a critical step towards the manufacturing of 3D printed ocular prostheses and requires validation in anophthalmic patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14549","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]],"date-time":"2020-07-23T13:15:01Z","timestamp":1595510101000},"page":"221-226","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Three\u2010dimensional design of a geometric model for an ocular prosthesis in ex vivo anophthalmic socket models"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"99","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9303-213X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00e9bastien","family":"Ruiters","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sohaib","family":"Shujaat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OMFS \u2010 IMPATH Research Group Department of Imaging and Pathology Faculty of Medicine Catholic University Leuven Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karla","family":"de Faria Vasconcelos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OMFS \u2010 IMPATH Research Group Department of Imaging and Pathology Faculty of Medicine Catholic University Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eman","family":"Shaheen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OMFS \u2010 IMPATH Research Group Department of Imaging and Pathology Faculty of Medicine Catholic University Leuven Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reinhilde","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OMFS \u2010 IMPATH Research Group Department of Imaging and Pathology Faculty of Medicine Catholic University Leuven Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Dental Medicine Karolinska Institutet Huddinge Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilse","family":"Mombaerts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0093402"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2842.2010.02065.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","first-page":"14","article-title":"Impressions techniques for ocular prosthesis \u2010 A clinical review","volume":"1","author":"Appanna PA","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Dent Clin"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2017.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(00)00348-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.03-0171"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2012.05.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12051"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2015.10.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-38992-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0000000000000945"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","first-page":"118","article-title":"Empirical impression technique for artificial eye fitting","volume":"8","author":"LeGrand JA","year":"1990","journal-title":"Adv Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/37402.37422"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0000000000001113"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/60016"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0000000000000586"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2016-308399"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2016-308399"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2012.11.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2842.2010.02107.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2016.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.75.11.667"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0301-4738.162626"}],"container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Faos.14549","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/aos.14549","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/aos.14549","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/aos.14549","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,2]],"date-time":"2023-09-02T21:53:35Z","timestamp":1693691615000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/aos.14549"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/aos.14549"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aos.14549","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1755-375X","1755-3768"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1755-375X","type":"print"},{"value":"1755-3768","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-03-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-06-17","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-07-23","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}