{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T16:25:31Z","timestamp":1780763131486,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,24]],"date-time":"2020-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598227200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81873673"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81873673"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81900841"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81900841"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the disease burden of age\u2010related macular degeneration (AMD) and to evaluate the risk factors of disability\u2010adjusted life years (DALY) caused by AMD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Country\u2010specific DALY number, rate and age\u2010standardized rate of AMD were acquired from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 database. The Socio\u2010demographic Index (SDI), Human Development Index (HDI), Inequality\u2010adjusted Human Development Index (IA\u2010HDI) and other related data were obtained from published data or shared databases. Regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the correlations between the potential risk factors and the age\u2010standardized DALY rate of AMD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The DALY number doubled from 1990 to 2017, and DALY rate increased from 4.73 (95% CI: 3.19\u20136.54) to 6.95 (95% CI: 4.76\u20139.54). However, change was small after standardizing. Females tended to have severer burden. Disability\u2010adjusted life years (DALY) rates were correlated to annual PM2.5 concentration, gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, population with at least some secondary education (secondary education), glaucoma prevalence and gross national income (GNI) per capita. In SDI model, glaucoma, GDP, healthcare access and quality index (HAQ) and secondary education were associated with disease burden (p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). In IA\u2010HDI model, cataract, glaucoma, PM2.5, GDP and secondary education were correlated to DALY rates (p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). In model included four components of HDI, glaucoma, PM2.5, GDP, secondary education, expected years of schooling and life expectancy at birth were associated (p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Being female, older age, poor socioeconomic status and less educated are associated with a heavier disease burden of AMD. These findings would provide a basic understanding for policy making on AMD prevention and treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14589","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,25]],"date-time":"2020-08-25T02:15:36Z","timestamp":1598321736000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Variations and trends in global disease burden of age\u2010related macular degeneration: 1990\u20102017"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"99","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7706-6663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minjie","family":"Zou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center Sun Yat\u2010sen University Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Zhongshan School of Medicine Sun Yat\u2010sen University Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8948-466X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yichi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation Sun Yat\u2010sen Memorial Hospital Sun Yat\u2010sen University Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aiming","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat\u2010sen University Zhuhai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte Aimee","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Third Affiliated Hospital Nanchang University Nanchang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy and Food Science Zhuhai College of Jilin University Zhuhai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danying","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center Sun Yat\u2010sen University Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9994-6338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guangming","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center Sun Yat\u2010sen University Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","first-page":"0701","article-title":"Age\u2010related macular degeneration: anti\u2010vascular endothelial growth factor treatment","volume":"2016","author":"Arnold JJ","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Clin Evid"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00038-016-0822-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2415-10-31"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32335-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32279-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30818-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","unstructured":"Educational UN(2017):Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Building peace in the minds of men and women. 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