{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T03:44:34Z","timestamp":1781754274784,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,30]],"date-time":"2020-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601424000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>European visual requirements for driving generally follow the standards of the European Union (EU), but the lack of a uniform perimetry algorithm leads to differing practices in enforcing visual field regulations. The purpose of this study was to develop a perimetry algorithm for group 1 driving licenses (car and motorcycle) that adheres to the European requirements.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We determined the features of a traffic perimetry algorithm complying with the EU directive 2009\/113\/EC and the underlying scientific report by the Eyesight Working Group. The final algorithm was a binocular, supra\u2010threshold test with 37 central and 86 peripheral test points within 140\u00ba x 40\u00ba. It was created as a custom test for an Octopus 900 perimeter and tested on participants with known visual field defects. Findings were compared with the Esterman program in reference to British and Norwegian regulations, which both recommend the Esterman program for assessing fitness to drive but differ in definition of negative and positive results.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010five participants were examined. In comparison with the traffic perimetry algorithm, sensitivity and specificity of the British regulations were 0.78 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.40\u20100.97) and 1.00 (95% CI 0.79\u20101.00). Similarly, sensitivity and specificity of the Norwegian regulations were 0.89 (95% CI 0.52\u20101.00) and 0.81 (95% CI 0.54\u20100.96).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The lack of a perimetry algorithm that conforms to the scientific recommendations challenges the fundamental right of European drivers for legal equality. This study demonstrates a binocular supra\u2010threshold test that adheres to the European visual field requirements for group 1 driving licenses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14633","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,30]],"date-time":"2020-09-30T12:14:34Z","timestamp":1601468074000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A traffic perimetry test that adheres to the European visual field requirements"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"99","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1259-0653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00d8ystein Kalsnes","family":"J\u00f8rstad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thora Elisabet","family":"Jonsdottir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Zysset","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Haag\u2010Streit AG K\u00f6niz Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9210-9131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fiona","family":"Rowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Life Sciences University of Liverpool Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13741"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S15359"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.13931"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","unstructured":"Commission directive 2009\/113\/EC of 25th August 2009 (EU).Official Journal of the European Union L223:31\u201335."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","unstructured":"Driver & Vehicle Licensing Agency(2020):Assessing fitness to drive \u2013 a guide for medical professionals.https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/866655\/assessing\u2010fitness\u2010to\u2010drive\u2010a\u2010guide\u2010for\u2010medical\u2010professionals.pdf(access date 23th March 2020)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2003.035949"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.82.11.1236"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0420.2005.00624.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(82)34647-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","unstructured":"Eyesight Working Group(2005):New standards for the visual functions of drivers. https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/transport\/road_safety\/sites\/roadsafety\/files\/pdf\/behavior\/new_standards_final_version_en.pdf (access date 7th June 2018)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","unstructured":"Helsedirektoratet(2020):F\u00f8rerkortveilederen. https:\/\/Helsedirektoratet.no\/retningslinjer\/forerkortveilederen (access date 23th March 2020)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14071"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","first-page":"1059","article-title":"Correlation of the binocular visual field with patient assessment of vision","volume":"43","author":"Jampel HD","year":"2002","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","first-page":"2212","article-title":"Predicting binocular visual field sensitivity from monocular visual field results","volume":"41","author":"Nelson\u2010Quigg JM","year":"2000","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","volume-title":"Visual field digest. A guide to perimetry and the Octopus perimeter","author":"Racette L","year":"2018"}],"container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/aos.14633","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/aos.14633","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/aos.14633","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]],"date-time":"2023-08-30T16:51:35Z","timestamp":1693414295000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/aos.14633"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,30]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/aos.14633"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aos.14633","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1755-375X","1755-3768"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1755-375X","type":"print"},{"value":"1755-3768","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-06-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-08-28","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-09-30","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}