{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T00:49:53Z","timestamp":1778546993132,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]],"date-time":"2021-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007816","name":"Alcon","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IIT"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IIT"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007816","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To explore the clinical features, surgical interventions and prognosis of injured eyes following explosion and to develop the risk factors for poor prognosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A nested case\u2013control study. To the date of 31 December 2018, 99 explosion\u2010related eye globes were selected from the Eye Injury Vitrectomy Study database, which is a multicenter prospective cohort study and began in 1990s. All cases selected underwent vitreoretinal surgery or enucleation and were followed up for at least 6\u00a0months. Clinically meaningful preoperative variables and outcomes were used to develop logistic regression models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The unfavourable outcomes were defined as silicone oil\u2010filled eyes, phthisis bulbi, enucleation and anatomically restored eyes whose final BCVA is worse than initial vision after 6\u00a0months of follow\u2010up. The proportion of unfavourable outcomes was 92.0%, 60.9% and 66.7% in large festive fireworks, detonator and beer bottle groups respective. The anatomic and visual outcome of injured eyes with combined injury of blast wave and projectile were worse than that of ruptured eyes (Fisher's exact\u00a0=\u00a00.041). The extrusion of iris\/lens (OR\u00a0=\u00a03.20, p\u00a0=\u00a00.015), PVR\u2010C (OR\u00a0=\u00a06.08, p\u00a0=\u00a00.036) and choroid damage (OR\u00a0=\u00a05.84, p\u00a0=\u00a00.025) is independent risk factors of unfavourable prognosis for explosion\u2010related eye trauma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The extrusion of iris\/lens, PVR\u2010C and choroid damage is the independent risk factors for unfavourable outcomes in explosion\u2010related eye trauma. There is a unique injury mechanism in explosion\u2010related eye trauma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Summary Statement<\/jats:title><jats:p>Through the nested case\u2010control study, the extrusion of iris\/lens, PVR\u2010C, and choroid damage are the independent risk factors for unfavorable outcomes in explosion\u2010related eye trauma. The mechanism of open globe mixture and close globe mixture in explosion\u2010related eye trauma need more cases and participating units to explore together in the future.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14713","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,13]],"date-time":"2021-01-13T20:49:55Z","timestamp":1610570995000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Mechanism and prognostic indicators for explosion\u2010related eye trauma: eye injury vitrectomy study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Kang","family":"Feng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Peking University Third Hospital Peking University Eye Center Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese PLA General Hospital 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