{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T15:34:52Z","timestamp":1790436892834,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,2]],"date-time":"2021-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609545600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine whether real\u2010world clinical patients with macular oedema (MO) receiving intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy have a higher mortality compared with a matched reference population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A population\u2010based, retrospective cohort study of 26 386 patients from Finland, from January 1, 2001, to December 31, 2017. Index patients were identified through the Caring Epidemiology Project database, receiving at least one intravitreal anti\u2010VEGF injection for wet age\u2010related macular degeneration (AMD, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a02243, 48.61%), diabetic MO (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0744, 16.12%), MO due to retinal vascular occlusion (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0589, 12.77%), or other MO (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01038, 22.5%). For each individual treated with intravitreal injection (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a04614), five age\u2010 , sex\u2010 , calendar year\u2010 and hospital district\u2010 matched control individuals (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a021 772) were chosen. Baseline data of chronic conditions were available. All\u2010cause and cause\u2010specific mortality was analysed using Cox\u00b4s proportional hazards model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In general, the anti\u2010VEGF treated patients had a higher prevalence of systemic conditions, including diabetes (60.1% vs. 46.8%, p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), chronic hypertension (38.4% vs. 34.6%, p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), in hospital\u2010treated ischaemic heart disease (23.1% vs. 21.5%, p\u00a0=\u00a00.014), and glaucoma (11.1% vs. 6.3%, p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) than controls. There was no difference in all\u2010cause mortality between the anti\u2010VEGF treated patients and matched controls (p\u00a0=\u00a00.62). In unadjusted Kaplan\u2013Meier analysis of wet AMD subgroup, all\u2010cause mortality was lower in anti\u2010VEGF treated patients than matched controls (p\u00a0=\u00a00.015), but adjusted Cox\u00b4s proportional hazards model showed no difference in the risk of all\u2010cause mortality (HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.66\u20131.09).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intravitreal anti\u2010VEGF therapy was not associated with an increase in the risk of mortality in patients with MO compared with age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14717","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,3]],"date-time":"2021-01-03T06:25:25Z","timestamp":1609655125000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Intravitreal anti\u2010VEGF therapy is not associated with a higher risk of all\u2010cause mortality in patients with macular oedema caused by posterior segment vascular diseases"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"99","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2506-3900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sirpa","family":"Loukovaara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Vitreoretinal Surgery Department of Ophthalmology Helsinki University Hospital, and Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jari","family":"Haukka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere University 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Ophthalmologica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/aos.14717","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/aos.14717","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/aos.14717","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]],"date-time":"2023-08-29T21:01:49Z","timestamp":1693342909000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/aos.14717"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,2]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/aos.14717"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aos.14717","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1755-375X","1755-3768"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1755-375X","type":"print"},{"value":"1755-3768","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-09-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication 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