{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T01:08:57Z","timestamp":1782522537024,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,8]],"date-time":"2021-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612742400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010665","name":"H2020 Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Actions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["675033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["675033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010302","name":"Algemene Nederlandse Vereniging ter voorkoming van Blindheid","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010302","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010318","name":"Landelijke Stichting voor Blinden en Slechtzienden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010318","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002908","name":"Stichting Combined Ophthalmic Research Rotterdam","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002908","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010327","name":"Stichting Glaucoomfonds","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010327","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010372","name":"Rotterdamse Stichting Blindenbelangen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010372","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006312","name":"BrightFocus Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["G2015084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G2015084"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006312","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Primary open\u2010angle glaucoma (POAG) has been reported to occur more frequently in Africans, and to follow a more severe course compared to Europeans. We aimed to describe characteristics of POAG presentation and treatment across three ethnic groups from Africa and one from Europe.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We ascertained 151 POAG patients from South African Coloured (SAC) and 94 South African Black (SAB) ethnicity from a university hospital in South Africa. In Tanzania, 310 patients were recruited from a university hospital and a referral hospital. In the Netherlands, 241 patients of European ancestry were included. All patients were over 35\u00a0years old and had undergone an extensive ophthalmic examination. Patients were diagnosed according to the ISGEO criteria. A biogeographic ancestry analysis was performed to estimate the proportion of genetic African ancestry (GAA).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The biogeographic ancestry analysis showed that the median proportion of GAA was 97.6% in Tanzanian, 100% in SAB, 34.2% in SAC and 1.5% in Dutch participants. Clinical characteristics at presentation for Tanzanians, SAB, SAC and Dutch participants, respectively: mean age: 63, 57, 66, 70\u00a0years (p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001); visual acuity in the worse eye: 1.78, 1.78, 0.3, 0.3 LogMAR (p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001); maximum intraocular pressure of both eyes: 36, 34, 29, 29\u00a0mmHg (p<jats:sc><jats:sub>anova<\/jats:sub><\/jats:sc>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001); maximum vertical cup to disc ratio (VCDR) of both eyes: 0.90, 0.90, 0.84, 0.83 (p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001); mean central corneal thickness: 506, 487, 511, 528\u00a0\u03bcm (p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). Fourteen percent of Tanzanian patients presented with blindness (&lt;3\/60 Snellen) in the better eye in contrast to only 1% in the Dutch.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this multi\u2010ethnic comparative study, Sub\u2010Saharan Africans present at a younger age with lower visual acuity, higher IOP, larger VCDR, than SAC and Dutch participants. This indicates the more progressive and destructive course in Sub\u2010Saharan Africans.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14772","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,9]],"date-time":"2021-02-09T14:41:56Z","timestamp":1612881716000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Differences in clinical presentation of primary open\u2010angle glaucoma between African and European populations"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"99","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5154-6765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pieter W. M.","family":"Bonnemaijer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Erasmus MC Rotterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Erasmus MC Rotterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"The Rotterdam Eye Hospital Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4931-7327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valeria","family":"Lo Faro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna J.","family":"Sanyiwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Muhibili University of Health and Allied Sciences Muhimbili National Hospital Dar es Salaam Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hassan G.","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Comprehensive Community Based Rehabilitation in Tanzania (CCBRT) Hospital Dar es Salaam Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colin","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Ophthalmology University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"GIGA study group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne","family":"Van de Laar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Univerity Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8508-8985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hans G.","family":"Lemij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Rotterdam Eye Hospital Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2355-5258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caroline C. 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