{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:44:27Z","timestamp":1787013867020,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,11]],"date-time":"2021-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To explore the presence of microvascular endothelial dysfunction as a measure for early cardiovascular disease in individuals diagnosed with dry eye disease (DED) as compared to age\u2010matched normal controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Systemic blood pressure, Body Mass Index, intraocular pressure, blood levels of glucose (GLUC), triglycerides, cholesterol (CHOL), high\u2010density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL\u2010C), and low\u2010density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL\u2010C)] as well as retinal and peripheral microvascular function were assessed in twenty\u2010five 35\u201350\u00a0year olds with diagnosed with DEDa (using the TFOS DEWS II criteria) and 25 age and sex\u2010matched controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      After controlling all the influential covariates, individuals diagnosed with DED exhibited significant lower retinal artery baseline (p\u00a0=\u00a00.027), artery maximum diameter (p\u00a0=\u00a00.027), minimum constriction (p\u00a0=\u00a00.039) and dilation amplitude (p\u00a0=\u00a00.029) than controls. In addition, the time to reach the vein maximum diameter was significantly longer in the DED patients than in normal controls (p\u00a0=\u00a00.0052). Only in individuals diagnosed with DED, artery maximum constriction correlated statistically significantly and positively with HDL\u2010C blood levels (p\u00a0=\u00a00.006). Similarly, artery slope\n                      <jats:sub>AD<\/jats:sub>\n                      correlated positively with T\u2010CHOL and LDL\u2010C (p\u00a0=\u00a00.006 &amp; 0.011 respectively). Additionally, artery baseline diameter and maximum constriction were significantly and negatively correlated to T\u2010CHOL\/HDL\u2010C ratio (p\u00a0=\u00a00.032 and p\u00a0=\u00a00.013 respectively) in DED individuals only.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Individuals with positive diagnosis of DED exhibit abnormal retinal microvascular function and possible higher risk for CVD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14782","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,13]],"date-time":"2021-02-13T23:52:17Z","timestamp":1613260337000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Dry eye disease is associated with retinal microvascular dysfunction and possible risk for cardiovascular 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