{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T19:57:55Z","timestamp":1790366275720,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,10]],"date-time":"2021-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612915200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81970776"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81970776"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Understanding the spectrum of ocular pathogens in a given geographic region is important for devising appropriate practical treatment. Therefore, we examined the pathogen spectrum and antibiotic resistance of microbial keratitis in northeast China.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this retrospective observational study, we reviewed the microbiology laboratory records of patients diagnosed with microbial keratitis in a tertiary eye hospital in Harbin, northeast China, between 2017 and 2019, and analysed the pathogen spectrum and antibiotic susceptibility.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We collected 462 specimens, of which 282 exhibited positive cultures. Among these cultures, 257 were bacterial and 25 were fungal. Of the 257 bacterial isolates, 214 (83.27%) were gram positive whereas 43 (16.73%) were gram negative. The most prevalent gram\u2010positive pathogen was coagulase\u2010negative staphylococcus (CoNS; 58.37%), followed by <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>; 20.62%) and <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> (2.33%). Of the gram\u2010negative bacterial isolates, 10 were <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> (3.89%). The most frequently detected ocular pathogens from fungal isolates were <jats:italic>Fusarium<\/jats:italic> species (40%). We also found more culture\u2010positive cases of bacterial keratitis in summer. Overall, 16.98% <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> and 64.00% CoNS isolates were methicillin resistant. These methicillin\u2010resistant bacteria were also more likely to be resistant to other antibiotics, with multidrug resistance found in 77.78% methicillin\u2010resistant <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> and 90.63% methicillin\u2010resistant CoNS. However, all gram\u2010positive isolates were sensitive to vancomycin and linezolid.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Coagulase\u2010negative staphylococcus are the most common ocular pathogens in northeast China. We also show the prevalence of methicillin resistance and concurrent multidrug resistance among staphylococcal isolates. Monitoring the patterns of antimicrobial resistance could help in the management selection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14789","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,11]],"date-time":"2021-02-11T02:42:29Z","timestamp":1613011349000},"page":"909-915","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Ocular pathogens and antibiotic resistance in microbial keratitis over three years in Harbin, Northeast China"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"99","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1638-390X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuo","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang Province People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dawen","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department 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