{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T16:58:37Z","timestamp":1791478717316,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,6]],"date-time":"2021-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005847","name":"Health and Medical Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["05162836"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["05162836"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005847","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the features of the small\u2010to\u2010medium (choriocapillaris and Sattler\u2019s layer) and large (Haller\u2019s layer) sized vessel layers of the macular choroid in normal\u2010tension glaucoma (NTG) patients using swept\u2010source optical coherence tomography (SS\u2010OCT).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted an observational cross\u2010sectional study in 234 NTG eyes from 134 patients, and 203 normal eyes from 109 non\u2010glaucomatous control subjects. We used Image J to segment the choroidal layer and then a Python script to measure the average macular choroidal thickness (MCT) and choroidal vascular index (CVI) of two vessel layers at five different locations. Quantitative optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) metrics for the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) at macular region were also measured by a customized MATLAB program. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) models were performed to determine ocular and demographic factors associated with the choroidal metrics, adjusting for inter\u2010eye correlation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Significant average MCT thinning was found in NTG eyes at all five locations of the two layers, in comparison with controls (all p\u2009\u2264\u20090.05). In addition, compared with control eyes, significant decrease in CVI was found in NTG eyes at all five sections of the large sized vessel layer: 500\u2009\u00b5m nasal and temporal to macula (p\u2009=\u20090.002), 1500\u2009\u00b5m nasal (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), 2500\u2009\u00b5m nasal (p\u2009=\u20090.001), 1500\u2009\u00b5m temporal (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and 2500\u2009\u00b5m temporal (p\u2009=\u20090.004). In contrast, no significant CVI difference was detected in the small\u2010to\u2010medium sized vessel layer. In the comparison of OCTA metrics of SCP and DCP at macular region between NTG and normal eyes, there were no significant difference of parafoveal vessel density (VD), foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, FAZ circularity and fractal dimension (FD) in both layers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found significant alterations in macular choroidal vascularity (reduced CVI and thinner layer) in NTG patients. Such alterations are more pronounced in the Haller\u2019s layer, rather than the choriocapillaris &amp; Sattler\u2019s layer, in NTG. Choroidal layer may be more related to vasculature changes at macular region in NTG.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14829","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,6]],"date-time":"2021-03-06T08:40:24Z","timestamp":1615020024000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Characterization of macular choroid in normal\u2010tension glaucoma: a swept\u2010source optical coherence tomography study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Yu Meng","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivian W. 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