{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]],"date-time":"2025-05-30T15:29:47Z","timestamp":1748618987241,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,17]],"date-time":"2021-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001818","name":"Research to Prevent Blindness","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine non\u2010ocular examination findings in non\u2010accidental trauma (NAT) patients that are associated with retinal haemorrhage and warrant urgent examination by an ophthalmologist.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A hospital\u2010 and clinic\u2010based retrospective cross\u2010sectional and cohort study of children age 0\u201312\u2009years who underwent workup for NAT over a span of nine years in a level I trauma and tertiary referral centre. Details of ocular and non\u2010ocular examination and imaging findings at the time of NAT evaluation were collected by chart review. Univariate and logistic regression analysis for association between retinal haemorrhage and non\u2010ocular examination findings was performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 557 patients with ophthalmology evaluation and 425 without were included in this study. All ages combined, none of the cutaneous signs of trauma or non\u2010skull fractures were associated with retinal haemorrhage on univariate analysis (p\u2009&gt;\u20090.05). By logistic regression, subdural or extra\u2010axial haemorrhage (OR\u2009=\u200916.2; 95% CI [5.11\u201351.3]), occipital lobe insult (OR\u2009=\u20096.2; 95% CI [1.77\u201321.6]) and Glasgow coma score (GCS) &lt;15 (OR\u2009=\u20095.8; 95% CI [1.96\u201317.4]) were significant predictors of retinal haemorrhage.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Subdural or undistinguished extra\u2010axial haemorrhage, GCS &lt;15, and occipital lobe insult are risk factors for the presence of retinal haemorrhage in patients with suspected NAT and their presence warrant urgent dilated fundus examination by an ophthalmologist. The presence of cutaneous trauma or non\u2010skull bone fractures without the aforementioned risk factors does not warrant ophthalmology evaluation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14936","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,17]],"date-time":"2021-06-17T12:13:31Z","timestamp":1623932011000},"page":"312-321","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Predictive value of non\u2010ocular findings for retinal haemorrhage in children evaluated for non\u2010accidental trauma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"100","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1298-5292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vasiliki P","family":"Giannakakos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University  Syracuse NY 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