{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T09:21:59Z","timestamp":1787649719633,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,14]],"date-time":"2021-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623628800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the prevalence of dry eye disease (DED) and Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) in a very old population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Ural Very Old Study (UVOS), a population\u2010based cohort study performed in rural and urban Bashkortostan\/Russia, included 1526 (81.1%) out of 1882 eligible individuals aged 85+ years. The participants underwent a detailed medical and ophthalmological examination including Schirmer\u00b4s test, slit\u2010lamp based assessment of the Meibomian glands and an interview.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study included 1493 (97.8%) individuals with available information about DED (mean age: 88.3\u2009\u00b1\u20092.9\u2009years). Schirmer\u00b4s test was \u22645\u2009mm in 388 individuals (34.3%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 31.5, 37.1), and the mean score of subjective dry eye symptoms was 7.52\u2009\u00b1\u20092.14 (median: 6; range: 6\u201318; 95%CI: 7.41, 7.63). An MGD grade 1, 2, 3 and 4 was diagnosed in 367 (31.4%), 309 (26.4%), 89 (7.6%) and 39 (3.3%) eyes, respectively. The prevalence of DED diagnosis definition #2 (dry eye score \u22658, Schirmer\u00b4s test \u22645\u2009mm) and definition #4 (dry eye score \u22657, Schirmer test \u22645\u2009mm, MGD grade 1+), were 164\/1132 (14.5%; 95%CI: 12.4, 16.5), and 167\/1131 (14.8%; 95%CI: 12.7, 16.8), respectively. In multivariate analysis, higher DED prevalence was associated with female sex (odds ratio (OR): 2.36; 95%CI: 1.18, 4.71; p\u2009=\u20090.02), rural region of habitation (OR: 2.72; 95%CI: 1.10, 6.70; p\u2009=\u20090.03), longer axial length (OR: 1.30; 95%CI: 1.04,1.62; p\u2009=\u20090.02), higher hearing loss score (OR: 1.03; 95%CI: 1.01, 1.05; p\u2009=\u20090.001) and lower self\u2010reported salt consumption (OR: 0.64; 95%CI: 0.54, 0.75; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this population\u2010based recruited very old study sample aged 85+ years, higher DED prevalence (dry eye score \u22658, Schirmer\u00b4s test &lt;5\u2009mm; mean: 14.5%) and MGD prevalence (any grade:68.8%) was associated with female sex, rural region of habitation, longer axial length, higher hearing loss score and lower salt consumption.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14937","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,14]],"date-time":"2021-06-14T09:05:05Z","timestamp":1623661505000},"page":"262-268","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["The prevalence of dry eye in a very old population"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Mukharram M.","family":"Bikbov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ufa Eye Research Institute  Ufa Bashkortostan Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gyulli M.","family":"Kazakbaeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ufa Eye Research Institute  Ufa Bashkortostan Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellina M.","family":"Rakhimova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ufa Eye Research Institute  Ufa Bashkortostan Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iuliia A.","family":"Rusakova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ufa Eye Research Institute  Ufa Bashkortostan Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albina A.","family":"Fakhretdinova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ufa Eye Research Institute  Ufa Bashkortostan Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azaliia M.","family":"Tuliakova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ufa Eye Research Institute  Ufa Bashkortostan Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Songhomitra","family":"Panda\u2010Jonas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Privatpraxis Prof Jonas und Dr Panda\u2010Jonas  Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timur R.","family":"Gilmanshin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ufa Eye Research Institute  Ufa Bashkortostan Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rinat M.","family":"Zainullin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ufa Eye Research Institute  Ufa Bashkortostan Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia I.","family":"Bolshakova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ufa Eye Research Institute  Ufa Bashkortostan Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamilia R.","family":"Safiullina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ufa Eye Research Institute  Ufa Bashkortostan Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ainur V.","family":"Gizzatov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ufa Eye Research Institute  Ufa Bashkortostan Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ildar P.","family":"Ponomarev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ufa Eye Research Institute  Ufa Bashkortostan Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dilya F.","family":"Yakupova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ufa Eye Research Institute  Ufa Bashkortostan Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nail E.","family":"Baymukhametov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ufa Eye Research Institute  Ufa Bashkortostan Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolay A.","family":"Nikitin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ufa Eye Research Institute  Ufa Bashkortostan Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2972-5227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jost B.","family":"Jonas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Ruprecht\u2010Karls\u2010University of Heidelberg  Mannheim Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology  Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000001208"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2013-304619"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.0567"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.02.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","unstructured":"Federal State Statistic Service(2010).Population census.https:\/\/eng.gks.ru\/folder\/76215; Retrieved 3.1.2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6997d"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2017.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Global p of Meibomian gland dysfunction: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"26","author":"Hassanzadeh S","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6703101"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.119.5.733"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6997c"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","article-title":"Assessment of patient burden from dry eye disease using a combination of five visual analogue scales and a radar graph: a pilot study of the PENTASCORE","author":"Labetoulle M","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-150-9-200905050-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6997b"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-0124(12)70082-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6997e"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30388-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2190\/FUFR-PK9F-6U10-JXRK"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6997f"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21239271"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYP.0000000000000066"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1965.01720310065008"}],"container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/aos.14937","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/aos.14937","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/aos.14937","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]],"date-time":"2023-08-24T02:04:23Z","timestamp":1692842663000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/aos.14937"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,14]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/aos.14937"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aos.14937","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1755-375X","1755-3768"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1755-375X","type":"print"},{"value":"1755-3768","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-02-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-05-20","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-06-14","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}