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The participants were grouped into normal gestational age (GA) \u226537\u2009weeks (control group), preterm participants without ROP and GA 33\u201336\u2009weeks (group 2), GA 29\u201332\u2009weeks (group 3), GA \u226428\u2009weeks (group 4) and those with ROP without (group 5) or with treatment (group 6). Main outcome measures were refractive error, anisometropia, accommodation amplitude and lens opacification.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In total, 856 eyes of 433 preterm and full\u2010term individuals (aged 28.4 +\/\u2212 8.6\u2009years, 242 females) were included. A myopic refractive error of &gt;6 diopter was observed in 4% (11\/278), 2.7% (7\/264), 1.2% (2\/174), 5.6% (2\/36), 10.5% (8\/78) and 26.9% (7\/26) of eyes and anisometropia \u22652 diopter in 2.9% (4\/139), 2.3% (3\/132), 3.5% (3\/87), 11.1% (2\/18), 9.5% (4\/44) and 38.5% (5\/13) of participants in the respective groups. Spherical equivalent did not differ between participants without postnatal ROP born moderately, very and extremely preterm compared to the full\u2010term control group. ROP treatment was associated with lower accommodation and more lens opacifications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retinopathy of prematurity treatment using cryocoagulation and laser coagulation increases refractive error associated with increased lens opacifications and reduced accommodation. Preterm delivery has little effect on absolute refractive error but is associated with anisometropia in adulthood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.15116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,17]],"date-time":"2022-03-17T01:13:56Z","timestamp":1647479636000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Refractive error, accommodation and lens opacification in adults born preterm and full\u2010term: Results from the Gutenberg Prematurity Eye Study (\n                    <scp>GPES<\/scp>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"100","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3867-2350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Achim","family":"Fie\u00df","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz  Mainz Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnes","family":"Fauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz  Mainz Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Mildenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg\u2010University Mainz  Mainz Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael S.","family":"Urschitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Epidemiology, Institute for Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz  Mainz Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heike M.","family":"Elflein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz  Mainz Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fred","family":"Zepp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg\u2010University Mainz  Mainz Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernhard","family":"Stoffelns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz  Mainz Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norbert","family":"Pfeiffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz  Mainz Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6304-3599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander K.","family":"Schuster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz  Mainz Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"IQTIG Institut f\u00fcr Qualit\u00e4tssicherung und Transparenz im Gesundheitswesen(2017). 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