{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T07:00:03Z","timestamp":1792652403903,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]],"date-time":"2022-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648512000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005415","name":"H\u00e1sk\u00f3li \u00cdslands","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005415","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001144","name":"William Caspar Graustein Memorial Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001144","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mice carrying pathogenic variants in the microphthalmia transcription factor (<jats:italic>Mitf<\/jats:italic>) gene show structural and functional changes in the retina and retinal pigment epithelium. The purpose of this study was to assess the vascular changes in <jats:italic>Mitf<\/jats:italic> mice carrying pathogenic variants by determining their retinal vessel diameter.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mice examined in this study were: B6\u2010<jats:italic>Mitf<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>mi\u2010vga9\/+<\/jats:sup> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20096), B6\u2010<jats:italic>Mitf<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>mi\u2010enu22(398)<\/jats:sup> <jats:italic>\/Mitf<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>mi\u2010enu22(398)<\/jats:sup> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20096) and C57BL\/6J wild type mice (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20096), all 3\u2009months old. Fundus images were taken with a Micron IV camera after intraperitoneal injection of fluorescein salt. Images were adjusted to enhance contrast and a custom written MATLAB program used to extract the mean vascular diameter at a pre\u2010defined distance from the optic disc. The number of vessels, mean diameter and mean total diameter were examined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mean diameter of retinal veins in <jats:italic>Mitf<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>mi\u2010enu22(398)<\/jats:sup><jats:italic>\/Mitf<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>mi\u2010enu22(398)<\/jats:sup> mice was 18.8% larger than in wild type (p\u2009=\u20090.026). No differences in the mean\u00a0diameter of the retinal arteries were found between the genotypes. <jats:italic>Mitf<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>mi\u2010enu22(398)<\/jats:sup><jats:italic>\/Mitf<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>mi\u2010enu22(398)<\/jats:sup> mice have 17.2% more retinal arteries (p\u2009=\u20090.026), and 15.6% more retinal veins (p\u2009=\u20090.041) than wild type. A 24.8% increase was observed in the mean combined arterial diameter in mice with the <jats:italic>Mitf<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>mi\u2010enu22(398)<jats:italic>\/<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup><jats:italic>Mitf<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>mi\u2010enu22(398)<\/jats:sup> compared to wild type mice (p\u2009=\u20090.024). A 38.6% increase was found in the mean combined venular diameter in mice with the <jats:italic>Mitf<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>mi\u2010enu22(398)<\/jats:sup><jats:italic>\/Mitf<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>mi\u2010enu22(398)<\/jats:sup> pathogenic variation as compared to wild type (p\u2009=\u20090.004). The mean combined retinal venular diameter in the <jats:italic>Mitf<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>mi\u2010vga9\/+<\/jats:sup> mice was 17.8% larger than in wild type (p\u2009=\u20090.03).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>An increase in vascularization of the retina in <jats:italic>Mitf<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>mi\u2010enu22(398)<\/jats:sup> <jats:italic>\/Mitf<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>mi\u2010enu22(398)<\/jats:sup> mice was found, indicating an increased demand for blood flow to the retina.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.15140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]],"date-time":"2022-03-29T12:13:28Z","timestamp":1648556008000},"page":"911-918","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Mouse microphthalmia\u2010associated transcription factor (<i>Mitf<\/i>) mutations affect the structure of the retinal vasculature"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Stef\u00e1n Broddi","family":"Dan\u00edelsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine University of Iceland  Reykjav\u00edk Iceland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8137-1513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Garc\u00eda\u2010Llorca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine University of Iceland  Reykjav\u00edk Iceland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hallur","family":"Reynisson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine University of Iceland  Reykjav\u00edk Iceland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9748-5854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thor","family":"Eysteinsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine University of Iceland  Reykjav\u00edk Iceland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-148X.2010.00759.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.109.103945"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-011-1757-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902540407"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"903","article-title":"Dorsal retinal pigment epithelium differentiates as neural retina in the microphthalmia (mi\/mi) mouse","volume":"41","author":"Bumsted KM","year":"2000","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40942-017-0084-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2014.10.141"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","first-page":"140","article-title":"A mutagenesis\u2010derived Lrp5 mouse mutant with abnormal retinal vasculature and low bone mineral density","volume":"23","author":"Charette JR","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Vis"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.035642"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/23258160-20160126-04"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.12359"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000000322"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","first-page":"519","article-title":"Molecular regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor expression in the retinal pigment epithelium","volume":"18","author":"Ford KM","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Vis"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-51819-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2016.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.324657.119"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0116025"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2017-311000"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-015-0099-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-014-1791-0"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Eye development and retinogenesis","author":"Heavner W","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90429-T"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2018.02.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1307315110"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14138"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1990.50"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.11.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-19415"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.E09-07-0584"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-8596"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2011.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-003-0838-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2015.06.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-9462(97)00012-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2003.10.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-9477"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.127.16.3581"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2017.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.21211"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2010.090883"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","first-page":"2450","article-title":"Retinal vasculature changes in Norrie disease mice","volume":"39","author":"Richter M","year":"1998","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-4835(02)92007-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2018.07.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-4835(03)00127-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-40135-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0905010106"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","first-page":"1939","article-title":"PDGF\u2010induced coupling of function with metabolism in microvascular pericytes of the retina","volume":"42","author":"Sakagami K","year":"2001","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-003-0828-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.85.6.678"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0011863"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-020-01640-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","first-page":"3119","article-title":"Electroretinographic study of the C57BL\/6\u2010mivit\/mivit mouse model of retinal degeneration","volume":"35","author":"Smith SB","year":"1994","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.37.6.446"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.125.23.4607"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.211.201"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.12846"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.017913"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_59_1","first-page":"537","article-title":"Progressive optic axon dystrophy and vascular changes in rd mice","volume":"41","author":"Wang S","year":"2000","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2717"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23020228"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10633-013-9374-1"}],"container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/aos.15140","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/aos.15140","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/aos.15140","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]],"date-time":"2023-08-21T05:28:31Z","timestamp":1692595711000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/aos.15140"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/aos.15140"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aos.15140","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1755-375X","1755-3768"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1755-375X","type":"print"},{"value":"1755-3768","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-10-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-03-12","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-03-29","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}