{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T04:05:15Z","timestamp":1778645115118,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,28]],"date-time":"2022-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the prevalence of reticular pseudodrusen (RPD) and their determinants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Population\u2010based Ural Eye and Medical Study conducted in Bashkortostan\/Russia included 5899 participants aged 40+ years. Presence of RPDs was assessed on conventional colour fundus photographs, red\u2010free fundus images and optical coherence tomographic images.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study included 4914 (83.3%) individuals (mean age: 58.5\u2009\u00b1\u200910.5\u2009years; range: 40\u201394\u2009years). Using two age limits (&gt;55\u2009years and 40+ years) for the definitions of RPD and AMD (age\u2010related macular degeneration), RPD prevalence was 186\/4914 (3.8%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.3, 4.3) and 246\/4914 (5.0%, 95% CI: 4.4, 5.6), respectively, and the prevalence of any AMD without RPD was 182\/4914 (3.7%: 95% CI: 3.2, 4.2) and 224\/4914 (4.6%; 95% CI: 4.0, 5.1) respectively. Within the subgroup of early AMD, intermediate AMD and late AMD, RPD prevalence (age limit: 40+ years) was 55.1% (95% CI: 49.5, 60.8), 42.9% (95% CI: 33.8, 51.9) and 33.3% (95% CI: 16.4, 50.3) respectively. In multivariable analysis, higher RPD prevalence (age limit 40+ years) was associated with higher age (odds ratio (OR): 1.08; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.10; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), rural region of habitation (OR: 3.81; 95% CI: 2.76, 5.24; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and lower percentage of lymphocytes on leukocyte counts (OR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.93, 0.97; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Higher prevalence of any AMD without RPD was associated with urban region (OR: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.18, 2.11; p\u2009=\u20090.002), lower diabetes prevalence (OR: 0.55; 95% CI: 0.33, 0.90; p\u2009=\u20090.02) and shorter axial length (OR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.74, 0.98; p\u2009=\u20090.03), after adjusting for age.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Reticular pseudodrusen (mean prevalence: 3.8% (age limit &gt;55\u2009years); 5.0% (age limit 40+ years)) differs from AMD without RPD in its association with urban region (AMD without RPD: rural region), lower lymphocyte percentage (AMD without RPD: no association) and a lack of associations with axial length (AMD without RPD: shorter axial length) and with diabetes prevalence (AMD without RPD: lower diabetes prevalence).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.15145","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,28]],"date-time":"2022-03-28T12:05:09Z","timestamp":1648469109000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Prevalence and determinants of reticular pseudodrusen in the Russian Ural Eye and Medical Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Mukharram M.","family":"Bikbov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ufa Eye Research Institute  Ufa Bashkortostan Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gyulli M.","family":"Kazakbaeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ufa Eye Research Institute  Ufa Bashkortostan Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ellina M.","family":"Rakhimova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ufa Eye Research Institute  Ufa Bashkortostan 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