{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T03:36:11Z","timestamp":1790048171725,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,9]],"date-time":"2022-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649462400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81900903"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81900903"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the association between cigarette smoking and retinal capillary plexus (RCP) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and to examine whether potential vascular risk factors could impact their association.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is a cross\u2010sectional, community\u2010based study. The Jidong Eye Cohort Study included participants aged \u226518\u2009years in the Jidong community (Tangshan city, northern China) from August 2019 to January 2020. All participants underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examination and completed detailed smoking questionnaires. Retinal vessel density in the superficial and deep RCP was automatically measured using OCTA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 2598 participants included in the study, 2026 (78.0%) never smoked and 572 (22.0%) had a history of smoking (494 [19.0%] current smokers and 78 [3.0%] former smokers). The median (interquartile range) age was 41 (34\u201352) years for the non\u2010smoking group and 45 (35\u201354.5) years for the smoking group. Multivariable analysis showed that smoking history is associated with a low deep RCP vessel density in the parafovea (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>, \u22120.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], \u22120.82 to \u22120.24) and four quadrants. Increased smoking pack\u2010years were associated with reduced deep RCP vessel density in the parafovea (p for trend &lt;0.001) and four quadrants. The significant interaction between diabetes and smoking only was found for superficial RCP vessel density in the parafovea (p for interaction\u2009=\u20090.014) and four quadrants except for the temporal quadrants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cigarette smoking is an independent risk factor for reduced deep RCP vessel density. Our findings imply the potential detrimental effect of smoking on the occurrence of ocular diseases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.15157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,9]],"date-time":"2022-04-09T09:14:46Z","timestamp":1649495686000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Association of cigarette smoking with retinal capillary plexus: an optical coherence tomography angiography study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Xiaoxuan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunfan","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cong","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingwei","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2269-3026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Binbin","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keai","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunmei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9408-4916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lele","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1120672121992960"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40662-018-0118-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/23258160-20170802-03"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-018-1697-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.21.6.066008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joco.2019.09.002","article-title":"Evaluation of foveal avascular zone and capillary plexus in smokers using optical coherence tomography angiography","volume":"32","author":"\u00c7ilo\u011flu E","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Curr Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-020-01302-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cxo.13070"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000779"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2018.1319"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2010.05601.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2019.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001784"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000324392"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1291\/hypres.30.1169"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2019.05.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.102068"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwm255"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-19-0323"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-23600"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0202103","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0202103","article-title":"Risk factors for retinal microvascular impairment in type 2 diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy","volume":"13","author":"Lee D\u2010H","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61766-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2008.141168"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-017706"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20130832"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db18-1077"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.04.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-18813"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00179194"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-14022"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.100825"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2017.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-66736-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2019.06.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40662-019-0148-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40662-019-0173-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40662-019-0160-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2016.5877"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2020.2220"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","first-page":"6","volume-title":"WHO global report on trends in prevalence of tobacco smoking 2000\u20102025","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-020-00270-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.06-2179"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40662-020-00223-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.113.678839"}],"container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/aos.15157","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/aos.15157","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/aos.15157","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,21]],"date-time":"2024-09-21T21:41:41Z","timestamp":1726954901000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/aos.15157"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,9]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/aos.15157"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aos.15157","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1755-375X","1755-3768"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1755-375X","type":"print"},{"value":"1755-3768","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-02-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-03-30","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-04-09","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}