{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T10:23:44Z","timestamp":1787739824271,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,8]],"date-time":"2022-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654646400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We previously hypothesized a causal relationship between vitreoschisis\u2010induced vitreous cortex remnants (VCR) and the development of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). This study aims to substantiate this association through histopathological analysis of surgical specimens in support of strategies to improve therapeutic outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A descriptive, prospective, non\u2010consecutive case series. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed on membranes removed from the peripheral retinal surface during initial vitrectomy for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200911) or recurrent retinal detachment (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200912). The clinical aspect of the membranes ranged from loose\u2010meshed membranes visualized with triamcinolone to more fibrotic membranes stained with trypan blue.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Consistent with the clinical presentation, histopathological analysis revealed membranes with different area characteristics. Paucicellular lamellar collagen\u2010rich areas, suggestive of VCR, appeared to transition to areas of increased cellularity and eventually more fibrotic areas of low cellularity. Five different area characteristics could be identified that seemed to correspond to five histopathological stages in PVR formation, with lamellar VCR collagen acting as an essential precondition: 1. Lamellar collagen, low cellularity (hyalocytes). 2. Lamellar collagen, increased cellularity (hyalocytes, glial cells). 3. Lamellar collagen, high cellularity (macrophages, glial cells, RPE\u2010cells). 4. Early fibrosis, decreased cellularity (myofibroblasts). 5. Fibrosis, low cellularity (myofibroblasts).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings confirm the role of VCR in preretinal PVR formation posterior to the vitreous base. We propose that the presence of VCR over the retinal surface should be qualified as a risk factor for PVR formation. Detection and adequate removal of VCR may improve the success rate of vitreoretinal surgeries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.15197","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,8]],"date-time":"2022-06-08T03:17:23Z","timestamp":1654658243000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Novel insights into the pathophysiology of proliferative vitreoretinopathy: The role of vitreoschisis\u2010induced vitreous cortex remnants"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"100","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5425-7210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Koen A.","family":"van Overdam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vitreoretinal Surgery the Rotterdam Eye Hospital Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thierry P.P.","family":"van den Bosch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Section\u00a0Ophthalmic Pathology Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter G.","family":"van Etten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vitreoretinal Surgery the Rotterdam Eye Hospital Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gurmit S.","family":"Uppal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vitreoretinal Surgery Moreton Eye Group Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Veckeneer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vitreoretinal Surgery ZNA Middelheim Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert 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