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A baseline self\u2010reported questionnaire was used to collect information on participant demographic, socio\u2010economic, lifestyle characteristics, medical history as well as the use of hormonal contraception and hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Cataract surgery for these participants during 2006\u20132019 was determined according to the Medicare Benefits Schedule database. Cox regression was used to assess the association between exogenous hormone use and incident cataract surgery during the follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>During a mean follow\u2010up of 11.3\u2009years, 10\u2009444 participants underwent cataract surgery with a corresponding incidence of 11.4% (10\u2009444\/91\u2009760). Compared with never users, ever and current users of HRT had a 22% and 14% increased risk of cataract surgery, respectively. A dose\u2013response with longer HRT use resulting in a larger increase in cataract surgery risk was observed (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> for trend &lt;0.001). Among participants never used HRT, hormonal contraception had a protective effect against incident cataract surgery (hazards ratio: 0.87; 95% confidence interval: 0.80\u20130.94).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Use of HRT significantly increased the risk of cataract surgery, and hormonal contraception use had a protective effect on cataract surgery among HRT non\u2010users. Further studies assessing the effect of different hormone types and doses are needed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.15267","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]],"date-time":"2022-10-17T07:54:32Z","timestamp":1665993272000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Exogenous hormone use and the risk of surgically treated cataract: Evidence from 91\u2009760 female participants in the 45 and Up Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"101","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6773-0046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiaqing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat\u2010sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2362-3222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xianwen","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Eye Research Australia Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4853-2474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhenzhen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat\u2010sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuhua","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat\u2010sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingguang","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat\u2010sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Centre for Eye Research Australia Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6836-3447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaotong","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat\u2010sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9806-4074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lixia","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat\u2010sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dym184"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6701877"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","unstructured":"Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care. 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