{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T14:39:27Z","timestamp":1783348767379,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,26]],"date-time":"2023-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To longitudinally investigate choroidal and choriocapillaris perfusion metrics and the number of choroidal hyperreflective foci (HRF) in patients with acute leukaemia (AL) before and after disease remission and to correlate these metrics with systemic parameters during active disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective, longitudinal study of 26 eyes of 14 AL patients. All patients underwent optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT\u2010angiography (OCTA) in the acute phase. Subfoveal choroidal thickness (CT), total, luminal and stromal choroidal area (TCA, LCA, SCA), choroidal vascularity index (CVI), choriocapillaris flow deficits (cFD) density, and choroidal HRF number were computed. In a subset, the measurements were repeated after AL remission. Age\u2010 and gender\u2010matched 26 healthy controls were recruited for cross\u2010sectional comparisons.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patient's mean age was 59\u2009\u00b1\u200912\u2009years. The TCA, LCA, SCA and choroidal HRF number were significantly higher in patients than controls (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.028, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.044, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.024 and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.001, respectively). Lower haemoglobin levels were associated with lower CT (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.58, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.008). Higher D\u2010dimer values were associated with lower TCA (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.52, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.008), lower LCA (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.50, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.006), higher cFD density (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.41, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.044) and higher choroidal HRF number (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.47, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.008). The CT, TCA, SCA and choroidal HRF number significantly reduced after AL remission (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.001, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.047, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.007 and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.002 respectively). The CVI increased significantly compared to the active phase (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.013).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study demonstrates a subclinical choroidal involvement in patients with AL, with relative stromal thickening in the acute phase, and normalization after disease remission. Choroidal HRF were identified as a biomarker of leukaemic choroidopathy. Choriocapillaris and choroidal vascularity were inversely correlated with a systemic pro\u2010coagulant state.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.15637","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,27]],"date-time":"2023-01-27T04:30:03Z","timestamp":1674793803000},"page":"553-559","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Imaging biomarkers of leukaemic choroidopathy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"101","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8512-2450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"Menean","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Vita\u2010Salute San Raffaele University  Milan Italy"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aurelio","family":"Apuzzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine 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