{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T07:11:37Z","timestamp":1782198697539,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]],"date-time":"2023-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this study is to evaluate the association between lipid\u2010lowering agent use and the risks of diagnosed dry eye disease (DED).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This retrospective, case\u2013control study included 780\u2009786 patients who received lipid\u2010lowering agents in 2002\u20132016, of which 17\u2009409 were newly diagnosed with DED during a \u22652\u2010year follow\u2010up period. These patients were matched 1:4 with control participants for age, sex, and comorbidities. Separate odds ratios (OR) were calculated for DED and each of statin and fibrate use.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Statin users had significantly higher odds of DED (adjusted OR\u00a0=\u00a01.12; 95% confidence interval (CI)\u00a0=\u00a01.08\u20131.16, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) than nonusers. Fibrate users did not show higher odds of DED than nonusers (adjusted OR\u00a0=\u00a01.04; 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a00.99\u20131.10, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.125). The lipophilic statin users did not show higher odds of DED compared with the hydrophilic statin users (adjusted OR\u00a0=\u00a00.99, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a00.93\u20131.06, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.729). Among statin users, the odds of DED did not differ significantly between patients receiving statin therapy for &gt;180\u2009days vs. \u226490\u2009days or patients receiving statin therapy for 91\u2013180\u2009days vs. \u226490\u2009days (adjusted OR\u00a0=\u00a01.00, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.922; adjusted OR\u00a0=\u00a00.94, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.541, respectively). The odds of DED were not statistically different among patients receiving low\u2010intensity, moderate\u2010intensity, and high\u2010intensity of statin therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients receiving statin therapy had a higher DED risk than patients not receiving statin therapy. The type of statin, the duration, and the intensity of statin use were not significantly associated with DED risks. Further studies are required to identify the relevant factors related to DED risks with statin.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.15656","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,21]],"date-time":"2023-03-21T06:39:05Z","timestamp":1679380745000},"page":"729-736","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Association of lipid\u2010lowering agent use and dry eye disease: A nationwide matched case\u2013control study in Taiwan, 2002\u20132016"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"101","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9441-552X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li\u2010Nien","family":"Chien","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health and Welfare Policy National Yang Ming Chios Tung University  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Data Science, College of Management Taipei Medical University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun\u2010I","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Taipei Veterans General Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan\u2010Jen","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine Taipei Medical University Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li\u2010Chin","family":"Sung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine Taipei Medical University  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital Taipei Medical University  New Taipei City Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Primary Care Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital Taipei Medical University  New Taipei City Taiwan"},{"name":"Taipei Heart Institute Taipei Medical University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hung\u2010Yi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Data Analytics and Statistics Center Taipei Medical University  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Health Care Administration, College of Management Taipei Medical University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng\u2010Yin","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Shuang Ho Hospital Taipei Medical University  New Taipei City Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine Taipei Medical University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsung\u2010Jen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine Taipei Medical University  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Taipei Medical University Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5662-2800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"I\u2010Chan","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Shuang Ho Hospital Taipei Medical University  New Taipei City Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine Taipei Medical University  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Wan Fang Hospital Taipei Medical University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-18113-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.02.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2003.09.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0000000000000448"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2010.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2014.1332"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.15629"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.687585"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/13543784.17.10.1599"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","first-page":"e1082","article-title":"2018 AHA\/ACC\/AACVPR\/AAPA\/ABC\/ACPM\/ADA\/AGS\/APhA\/ASPC\/NLA\/PCNA guideline on the Management of Blood Cholesterol: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association task force on clinical practice guidelines","volume":"139","author":"Grundy S.M.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12265-019-09889-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2016.11.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2019.01.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.13388"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-019-04247-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000367851"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-024914-5.50008-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-8206.2004.00299.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-24504"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","article-title":"Statins for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease","volume":"2013","author":"Taylor F.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02713689109001766"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","first-page":"6004","article-title":"Topical atorvastatin for the treatment of dry eye associated with blepharitis","volume":"54","author":"Watson S.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.85772"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.06.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","first-page":"1227","article-title":"Association of oral statin use with dry eye symptoms and signs in the DRy eye assessment and management (DREAM\u00a9) study","volume":"62","author":"Yu Y.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)17018-9"}],"container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/aos.15656","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/aos.15656","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/aos.15656","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]],"date-time":"2023-11-06T04:56:28Z","timestamp":1699246588000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/aos.15656"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/aos.15656"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aos.15656","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1755-375X","1755-3768"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1755-375X","type":"print"},{"value":"1755-3768","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-09-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-02-26","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-03-20","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}