{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T22:11:23Z","timestamp":1757455883731,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,9]],"date-time":"2023-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this Monte\u2010Carlo study is to investigate the effect of using a thick lens model instead of a thin lens model for the intraocular lens (IOL) on the resulting refraction at the spectacle plane and on the ocular magnification based on a large clinical data set.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A pseudophakic model eye with a thin spectacle correction, a thick cornea (curvatures for both surfaces and central thickness) and a thick IOL (equivalent power PL derived from a thin lens IOL, Coddington factor CL (uniformly distributed from \u22121.0 to 1.0), either preset central thickness LT\u2009=\u20090.9\u2009mm (A) or optic edge thickness ET\u2009=\u20090.2\u2009mm, (B)) was set up. Calculations were performed on a clinical data set containing 21\u2009108 biometric measurements of a cataractous population based on linear Gaussian optics to derive spectacle refraction and ocular magnification using the thin and thick lens IOL models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A prediction model (restricted to linear terms without interactions) was derived based on the relevant parameters identified with a stepwise linear regression approach to provide a simple method for estimating the change in spectacle refraction and ocular magnification where a thick lens IOL is used instead of a thin lens IOL. The change in spectacle refraction using a thick lens IOL with (A) or (B) instead of a thin lens IOL with identical power was within limits of around \u00b11.5 dpt when the thick lens IOL was placed with its haptic plane at the plane of the thin lens IOL. In contrast, the change in ocular magnification from considering the IOL as a thick lens instead of a thin lens was small and not clinically significant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This Monte\u2010Carlo simulation shows the impact of using a thick lens model IOL with preset LT or ET on the resulting spherical equivalent refraction and ocular magnification. If IOL manufacturers would provide all relevant data on IOL design data and refractive index for all power steps, this would make it possible to perform direct calculations of refraction and ocular magnification.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.15666","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,10]],"date-time":"2023-04-10T04:50:30Z","timestamp":1681102230000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Monte\u2010Carlo simulation of a thick lens IOL power calculation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"102","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9175-6177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Achim","family":"Langenbucher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Ophthalmology Saarland University  Homburg\/Saar Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8019-1481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N\u00f3ra","family":"Szentm\u00e1ry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Center for Limbal Stem Cell and Aniridia Research Saarland University  Homburg\/Saar Germany"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Semmelweis\u2010University  Budapest Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Cayless","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Sciences The Open University  Milton Keynes UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Damien","family":"Gatinel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rothschild Foundation Hospital  Paris France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guillaume","family":"Debellemani\u00e8re","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rothschild Foundation Hospital  Paris France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4145-2559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jascha","family":"Wendelstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Ophthalmology Saarland University  Homburg\/Saar Germany"},{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Refraktive\u2010 und Ophthalmo\u2010Chirurgie (IROC)  Zurich Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Johannes Kepler University Linz  Linz Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Augen\u2010 und Laserklinik Castrop\u2010Rauxel  Castrop\u2010Rauxel Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2021.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.jcrs.0000000000000373"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"625","article-title":"Calculation of the optical power of intraocular lenses","volume":"14","author":"Fyodorov S.N.","year":"1975","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.10.4.27"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","unstructured":"GernetH OstholtH&WernerH(1970)Die pr\u00e4operative Berechnung intraocularer Binkhorst\u2010Linsen. 122. 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