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We used neonatal data and measured refraction, best\u2010corrected visual acuity (BCVA) using the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) chart, contrast sensitivity, visual fields, intraocular pressure (IOP), self\u2010reported vision\u2010targeted health status with the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire\u201025.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>VLBW adults had a lower BCVA ETDRS score than controls: mean (SD) better eye 86.7 (13.4) versus 90.2 (4.4), <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02; mean (SD) worse eye 82.3 (14.9) versus 87.6 (4.6), <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.003. VLBW adults also had lower contrast sensitivity thresholds in several spatial frequencies and scored lower than controls in eight out of the 12 subscales of self\u2010reported vision\u2010targeted health status. Refraction, visual fields and IOP were similar between groups. Two VLBW participants were blind. None had been treated for retinopathy of prematurity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We suggest that lower visual function and vision\u2010related health represent life\u2010long consequences of prematurity and VLBW in the studied 31\u2010 to 43\u2010year\u2010old cohort. The underlying mechanisms remain to be determined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.15683","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]],"date-time":"2023-05-12T18:38:31Z","timestamp":1683916711000},"page":"49-57","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Visual function in adults born preterm with very low birth weight\u2014A two\u2010country birth cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"Maarit","family":"Kulmala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Unit Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare  Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Helsinki University Hospital  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna Perregaard Munch","family":"J\u00f8rgensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science Norwegian University of 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