{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T17:57:52Z","timestamp":1790791072217,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]],"date-time":"2023-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695945600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the frequency of potential non\u2010strabismic accommodative\u2013vergence anomalies (NSAVA) and investigate associations between NSAVA, refractive errors and age among children attending a paediatric ophthalmology clinic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study included children and adolescents aged 5\u201319\u2009years attending an ophthalmology clinic with at least two follow\u2010up visits. At their first visit, children had a comprehensive ophthalmic examination, including refractive error measurement by cycloplegic autorefraction and spectacles were prescribed if necessary. At the second visit, children had an examination of best\u2010corrected visual acuity, convergence and accommodation to identify potential NSAVA. The relationship between age, sex, heterophoria and refractive error and potential NSAVA was assessed by a multivariable logistic regression model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 384 children and adolescents were evaluated. Their mean age was 10.97\u2009\u00b1\u20093.07\u2009years and 58.9% were females. Forty\u2010two per cent of children failed the NSAVA tests and 34.1% had myopia (\u2264\u22120.50 D). Children who failed NSAVA tests self\u2010reported a higher proportion of reading problems (73.7%) compared to those who passed the tests (26.3%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Children with self\u2010reported reading problems were more likely to have accommodative infacility (57.9%) compared with children without (42.1%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Refractive error and age were not associated with failure in NSAVA tests (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>NSAVA was a frequent cause of vision problems found in a sample of children from an ophthalmology paediatric clinic. Thus, further research is necessary to understand the potential of public health policies to prevent, refer, diagnose and treat those conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.15785","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,30]],"date-time":"2023-09-30T05:09:01Z","timestamp":1696050541000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Accommodative\u2013vergence disorders in a paediatric ophthalmology clinical setting in Argentina"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"Alejandra","family":"Iurescia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Iurescia Eye Consultant  Quilmes Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3719-2195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael","family":"Iribarren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drs. Iribarren Eye Consultants  Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9918-787X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Lanca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Sa\u00fade de Lisboa (ESTeSL) Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Lisboa  Lisboa Portugal"},{"name":"Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), Escola Nacional de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica Universidade Nova de Lisboa  Lisboa Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3724-2391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrzej","family":"Grzybowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology University of Warmia and Mazury  Olsztyn Poland"},{"name":"Institute for Research in Ophthalmology  Pozna\u0144 Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1475\u20101313.2000.00498.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12747"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000001442"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324\u2010198706000\u201000008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471\u20102415\u201010\u201016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1444\u20100938.1991.tb04622.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-199604000-00007"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","first-page":"129","article-title":"A pilot study. 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