{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T22:10:54Z","timestamp":1791843054395,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,22]],"date-time":"2023-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700611200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010816","name":"Stiftelsen f\u00f6r Synskadade i f.d. Malm\u00f6hus l\u00e4n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010816","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To report on the ophthalmic findings in children with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) in southern Sweden, and to investigate the frequency of refractive errors, strabismus and cerebral visual impairment associated with this condition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a retrospective cohort study including all paediatric patients with TSC in southern Sweden born between 1983 and 2020. Medical records were reviewed regarding retinal findings, visual acuity, refractive error, strabismus, full\u2010field electroretinography results and cerebral visual impairment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ophthalmological records were available for 50 of the 52 children in the region diagnosed with TSC. The mean age at the last visit was 12.4 (SD 7.2) years. Monocular visual acuity had been measured in 38 patients, and the median value did not deviate from that expected for their age in the better eye, but by \u22120.2 Snellen decimal acuity in the worse eye. Refractive errors were found in 62% of the patients, and strabismus in 16%. Retinal astrocytic hamartomas were found in 34% and achromatic patches in 34%. Ten of the patients on medication with vigabatrin were examined with full\u2010field electroretinography and treatment had to be stopped or lowered\u00a0in three (30%), due to a reduced response. Investigation of cerebral visual impairment had not been conducted in any of the children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Refractive errors and strabismus were common among children with TSC. None of the patients in this cohort had undergone investigation for cerebral visual impairment. The general awareness of cerebral visual impairment among ophthalmologists is poor and constitutes an important area for improvement.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.15812","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,22]],"date-time":"2023-11-22T15:13:59Z","timestamp":1700666039000},"page":"421-427","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Ophthalmic manifestations in children with tuberous sclerosis complex"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"102","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1572-8144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanna Maria","family":"\u00d6hnell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital Lund University  Lund Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrika","family":"Kjellstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital Lund University  Lund Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik","family":"Eklund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatrics, Section for Paediatric Neurology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital Lund University  Lund Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Pearsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatrics, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Clinical Sciences Helsingborg, Helsingborg General Hospital Lund University  Lund Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zivile","family":"Bekassy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatrics, Section for Paediatric Nephrology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital Lund University  Lund Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4425-9033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lotta","family":"Gr\u00e4nse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital Lund University  Lund Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755\u20103768.1993.tb04624.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12101390"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0078"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.35"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470\u20102045(07)70411\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/01913913\u201020110118\u201001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10633\u2010007\u20109108\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.12476"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528\u20101167.2010.02772.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10633\u2010008\u20109155\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10633\u2010014\u20109473\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2021.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887\u2010023\u201004137\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.12573"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749\u20106632.1991.tb37744.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10633\u2010017\u20109621\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.85.4.420"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","unstructured":"SalujaG PrakalapakornG&Saboo U American Academy of Ophthalmology. 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