{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T06:00:20Z","timestamp":1778220020739,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,20]],"date-time":"2023-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700438400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate associations between the health\u2010related quality of life (HRQOL) and demographic, self\u2010reported strabismus\u2010related and orthoptic status variables in Finnish strabismic adults.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009137) of this study were adult patients who previously participated in the pilot study to translate and validate Adult Strabismus Questionnaire (AS\u201020) into Finnish. For this study, the participants' orthoptic status were collected among the previously obtained self\u2010reported demographic and strabismus\u2010related data. The refined AS\u201020 structure of 18 items and four subscales of self\u2010perception, interaction, reading function and general function was used. Low scores on AS\u201020 indicate low HRQOL. The associations were evaluated with cross\u2010tabulation and nonparametric methods of Mann\u2013Whitney U and Kruskal\u2013Wallis tests. Statistical significance was set at <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Interaction subscale scores were the highest of all subscale scores among the participants. Age had an association with HRQOL in self\u2010perception and the youngest participants had the lowest scores. Importantly, participants who did not experience diplopia suffered from lower self\u2010perception and interaction but reported higher scores on reading function and general function subscales compared to the participants who experienced diplopia. Exotropia with or without vertical strabismus were most common types among the participants. The education background was not associated with HRQOL.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Impacts of strabismus are similar in Finnish strabismic adults compared to international studies. Healthcare professionals and decision\u2010makers should always consider the psychosocial impact of strabismus on patients without diplopia when making decisions on strabismus treatment and care processes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.15813","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,21]],"date-time":"2023-11-21T14:18:14Z","timestamp":1700576294000},"page":"428-434","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Strabismus is more than a misalignment; a cross\u2010sectional pilot study of <scp>HRQOL<\/scp> in Finnish strabismic adults referred to a university hospital"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"102","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0674-8442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Mason","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences Tampere University  Tampere Finland"},{"name":"Head and Neck Center Helsinki 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