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These children also underwent ophthalmological examination preoperatively and up to 1\u2009year after the operation. An age\u2010matched control group including 32 healthy children was also recruited.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Strabismus and eye motility were registered. Refraction was measured in cycloplegia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was a difference regarding the refractive outcome between the different types of craniosynostosis. Higher values of hypermetropia were found in the metopic craniosynostosis group on both eyes. In the unicoronal craniosynostosis group, high values of hypermetropia and a higher degree of astigmatism were found on the side contralateral to the craniosynostosis. Strabismus was found in 11\/88 children of whom 10\/11 had unicoronal craniosynostosis. A vertical deviation on the side ipsilateral to the fused suture was highly prevalent (6\/10 cases). Ophthalmological dysfunctions were rare in children operated for sagittal craniosynostosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ocular manifestations such as strabismus, astigmatism and anisometropia were highly prevalent in children operated for unilateral coronal craniosynostosis. Children operated for metopic craniosynostosis had higher rates of hypermetropia. The screening and follow\u2010up protocols need to be tailored with regard to the type of craniosynostosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.16605","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,27]],"date-time":"2023-12-27T04:33:26Z","timestamp":1703651606000},"page":"564-572","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Strabismus and refraction in non\u2010syndromic craniosynostosis \u2013 A\u00a0longitudinal study up to 5\u2009years of age"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"102","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6444-2034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evangelia","family":"Ntoula","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences, Ophthalmology Uppsala University  Uppsala 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