{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T19:32:33Z","timestamp":1770147153345,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]],"date-time":"2024-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine the effectiveness and identify clinical response predictors of a short corticosteroid\u2010based regimen consisting of topical preservative\u2010free 0.1% dexamethasone (Monopex\u00ae, Th\u00e9a Laboratories) in conjunction with artificial tears (AT) for dry eyes in a real\u2010life clinical setting.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients were recruited from the Norwegian Dry Eye Clinic and were allowed to use ATs of their own choice in addition to the prescribed 14\u2010day topical dexamethasone course. Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), Dry Eye Questionnaire (DEQ\u20105), Schirmer test (ST), fluorescein tear film break\u2010up time (FBUT), ocular surface staining (OSS), meibum expressibility (ME), meibum quality (MQ), number of expressible meibomian glands among the central eight glands in the lower lids (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>MG<\/jats:sub>) and intraocular pressure (IOP) were measured at baseline and at 1\u2010month follow\u2010up. The average values of clinical parameters from both eyes were used for analyses. A paired <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010test and a significance value of <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05 were used for statistical analyses. Associations between sex, age, baseline values and the changes after the intervention (\u0394) were explored using linear regression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 167 patients (124 women, mean age 54\u2009years \u00b117 (standard deviation)) were included. One month after initiation of intervention, OSDI and DEQ5 scores improved from 39.5\u2009\u00b1\u200922.1 to 31.4\u2009\u00b1\u200921.3 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and from 12.6\u2009\u00b1\u20094.2 to 11.0\u2009\u00b1\u20094.6 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), respectively. OSS improved from 2.2\u2009\u00b1\u20091.4 to 1.8\u2009\u00b1\u20091.5 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>MG<\/jats:sub> increased from 4.8\u2009\u00b1\u20092.2 to 5.1\u2009\u00b1\u20092.2 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), while IOP decreased from 12.9\u2009\u00b1\u20093.3 to 12.4\u2009\u00b1\u20093.5\u2009mmHg (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Significant associations were found between the change in symptoms and objective measures of DED (\u0394<jats:sub>OSDI<\/jats:sub>, \u0394<jats:sub>DEQ5<\/jats:sub>, \u0394<jats:sub>OSS<\/jats:sub>, \u0394<jats:sub>FBUT<\/jats:sub>, \u0394N<jats:sub>MG<\/jats:sub>, \u0394<jats:sub>MQ<\/jats:sub>) and their respective baseline values (OSDI, DEQ5, OSS, FBUT, N<jats:sub>MG<\/jats:sub>, MQ). The remaining tests did not show statistically significant changes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Improvement in dry eye symptoms and signs were observed following a short course of topical, preservative\u2010free 0.1% dexamethasone treatment in combination with AT. Individuals exhibiting more pronounced symptoms and signs witnessed the most profound improvements with the treatment regimen, suggesting that poor baseline parameters may serve as response predictors of the treatment regimen. While the real\u2010life data presented herein are valuable, the conclusions are limited by the inherent biases of a non\u2010controlled study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.16758","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]],"date-time":"2024-09-30T11:04:06Z","timestamp":1727694246000},"page":"93-98","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Response predictors of a topical corticosteroid\u2010based regimen for dry eyes: A real\u2010life study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Tor Paaske","family":"Utheim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry Oslo University Hospital  Oslo Norway"},{"name":"The Norwegian Dry Eye Clinic  Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology \u00d8stfold Hospital Trust  Moss Norway"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Drammen Hospital Vestre Viken Trust  Drammen Norway"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Oslo University Hospital  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0331-9028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiangjun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry Oslo University Hospital  Oslo Norway"},{"name":"The Norwegian Dry Eye Clinic  Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Drammen Hospital Vestre Viken Trust  Drammen Norway"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology S\u00f8rlandet Hospital Arendal  Arendal Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3835-8772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fredrik","family":"Fineide","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry Oslo University Hospital  Oslo Norway"},{"name":"The Norwegian Dry Eye Clinic  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tore","family":"Steinkjer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Norwegian Dry Eye Clinic  Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Oslo University Hospital  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5906-7670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steffen","family":"Heegaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8697-0734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miriam","family":"Kolko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Darlene A.","family":"Dartt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2048-225X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayyad Zartasht","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry Oslo University Hospital  Oslo Norway"},{"name":"The Norwegian Dry Eye Clinic  Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology \u00d8stfold Hospital Trust  Moss Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"6753","article-title":"Patients enrichment for increased Dendritiform cells using in\u00a0vivo confocal microscopy results in improved response to topical steroids in dry eye disease: results of the therapeutic response to anti\u2010inflammatory agents in the corneal epithelium (TRACE) study","volume":"60","author":"Akhlaq A.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6257(00)00201-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2009.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","article-title":"Topical cyclosporine a therapy for dry eye syndrome","volume":"9","author":"Paiva C.S.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","article-title":"Omega\u20103 and omega\u20106 polyunsaturated fatty acids for dry eye disease","volume":"12","author":"Downie L.E.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0000000000001041"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","article-title":"Punctal occlusion for dry eye syndrome","volume":"6","author":"Ervin A.M.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000002452"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2014.08.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","article-title":"Topical corticosteroids for dry eye","volume":"10","author":"Liu S.H.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S229815"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-19419"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","article-title":"Autologous serum eye drops for dry eye","volume":"2","author":"Pan Q.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2004.04.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","article-title":"Over the counter (OTC) artificial tear drops for dry eye syndrome","volume":"2","author":"Pucker A.D.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2020.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2014.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.118.5.615"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-62583-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.2006.B0675"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e3181f7f363"}],"container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/aos.16758","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]],"date-time":"2025-01-07T09:12:13Z","timestamp":1736241133000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/aos.16758"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/aos.16758"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aos.16758","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1755-375X","1755-3768"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1755-375X","type":"print"},{"value":"1755-3768","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-02-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-14","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-30","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}