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Of these, 9743 (54%) accepted participation and 9316 (52%) remained after exclusion criteria were applied. Participants answered a questionnaire with items about eye conditions, smoking, snus, gender, education, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, corticosteroid use, diabetes mellitus, weight and height. Prevalence ratios (PRs) for self\u2010reported cataract and cataract surgery were calculated. The incidence of cataract surgery was assessed, and hazard ratios (HRs) were presented.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Having ever smoked was associated with a higher prevalence ratio of self\u2010reported cataract (PR 1.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04\u20131.35) and cataract surgery (PR 1.27, 95% CI 1.06\u20131.53), compared to those who had never been daily smokers. Currently, a smoker was associated with a higher HR of cataract surgery (HR 1.34, 95% CI 1.04\u20131.74), as well as having been a former smoker (HR 1.27, 95% CI 1.03\u20131.56). Total years of smoking were associated with an increased risk for cataract surgery (HR 1.05, 95% CI 1.02\u20131.08 for 5\u2009years of smoking). Snus use was not associated with an increased prevalence of cataract or incidence of cataract surgery, except among women who were current snus users (HR for cataract surgery 2.04, 95% CI 1.16\u20133.60 <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009108).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Smoking is associated with a higher prevalence of cataracts, and a higher incidence of cataract surgery, indicating a dose\u2013response relationship. However, there was no firm association between snus use and cataract.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.16770","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]],"date-time":"2024-10-18T13:04:26Z","timestamp":1729256666000},"page":"77-84","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The more smoking the more cataract: A study on smoking, snus use and cataract in a Swedish population"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"103","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0561-1084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moa","family":"Nordstr\u00f6m","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg  Gothenburg Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region V\u00e4stra G\u00f6taland  M\u00f6lndal Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8230-0741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madeleine","family":"Zetterberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg  Gothenburg Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region V\u00e4stra G\u00f6taland  M\u00f6lndal Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kjell","family":"Tor\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg  Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linus","family":"Schi\u00f6ler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg  Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathias","family":"Holm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg  Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/exer.1996.0029"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","unstructured":"Behndig A. 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