{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T01:02:13Z","timestamp":1793235733378,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]],"date-time":"2024-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731628800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]],"date-time":"2024-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731628800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the effectiveness of 12\u2009months of spectacle lens wear incorporating cylindrical annular refractive elements (CARE) in slowing myopia progression compared to single vision (SV) spectacle wear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In an ongoing 2\u2010year prospective, double\u2010masked, multi\u2010centre clinical trial, 240 Chinese children aged 6\u201313\u2009years, spherical equivalent refractive error (SE) \u22120.75 D to \u22125.00 D were randomised to one of three groups of 80 participants each to wear: SV spectacle lens (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200980), CARE spectacles (7\u2009mm central clear zone surrounded by treatment zone incorporating CARE with mean surface power of +4.6 D) and CARE S (9\u2009mm central clear zone surrounded by treatment zone comprising CARE with mean surface power of +3.8 D). Cycloplegic SE and axial length (AL) were measured at 6\u2010month intervals.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Compared to baseline, changes in SE and AL were significantly different between the groups at both 6 and 12\u2009months (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001, linear mixed model). Adjusting for site, group, parental myopia and age, at 12\u2009months, the estimated change in SE and AL with 95% CI with SV was \u22120.65 D (CI: \u22120.56 to \u22120.74 D)\/0.32\u2009mm (CI: 0.29\u20130.36\u2009mm). In comparison, the estimated change in SE\/AL at 12\u2009months with CARE was \u22120.35 D (\u22120.26 to \u22120.44 D)\/0.19\u2009mm (0.15\u20130.22\u2009mm) and with CARE S was \u22120.36 D (\u22120.27 to \u22120.46 D)\/0.21\u2009mm (0.18\u20130.25\u2009mm) at 12\u2009months. Progression was slower with CARE and CARE S compared to SV (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) but did not differ from each other (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.793 and 0.336 for SE and AL, respectively).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In children with myopia, after 12\u2009months of lens wear, both CARE and CARE S spectacle lenses significantly slowed myopia progression compared to SV lenses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.16795","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,16]],"date-time":"2024-11-16T00:09:52Z","timestamp":1731715792000},"page":"929-938","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Slowing myopia progression with cylindrical annular refractive elements (\n                    <scp>CARE<\/scp>\n                    ) spectacle lenses\u2014Year 1 results from a 2\u2010year prospective, multi\u2010centre trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Xiaoqin","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science  Tianjin People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Tianjin Eye Hospital Optometric Center  Tianjin People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Tongren Vision Care, Beijing Tongren Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cui","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"He Eye Specialist Hospital  Shenyang Liaoning People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arne","family":"Ohlendorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ZEISS Vision Care, Aalen, Germany, Carl Zeiss Vision International GmbH  Aalen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Rifai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ZEISS Vision Care, Aalen, Germany, Carl Zeiss Vision International GmbH  Aalen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Boeck\u2010Maier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ZEISS Vision Care, Aalen, Germany, Carl Zeiss Vision International GmbH  Aalen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siegfried","family":"Wahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ZEISS Vision Care, Aalen, Germany, Carl Zeiss Vision International GmbH  Aalen Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Ophthalmic Research Eberhard Karls Universitat Tubingen  Tuebingen Baden\u2010Wuerttemberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youhua","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ZEISS Vision Care, Carl Zeiss Vision (Guangzhou) Ltd.  Guangzhou People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ZEISS Vision Care, Carl Zeiss Vision (Guangzhou) Ltd.  Guangzhou People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5781-9047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lihua","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science  Tianjin People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Tianjin Eye Hospital Optometric Center  Tianjin People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5537-6193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Padmaja","family":"Sankaridurg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ZEISS Vision Care, Aalen, Germany, Carl Zeiss Vision International GmbH  Aalen Germany"},{"name":"School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health University of New South Wales  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-00231-4"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"1171","article-title":"One\u2010year myopia control efficacy of spectacle lenses with aspherical lenslets","volume":"106","author":"Bao J.","year":"2022","journal-title":"The British Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2020.100923"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000001410"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo-2023-324243"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6612116"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12305"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e3182357f79"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2021-320318"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.61.4.49"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.62.5.7"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","first-page":"1110","article-title":"Myopia control effect of defocus incorporated multiple segments (DIMS) spectacle lens in Chinese children: results of a 3\u2010year follow\u2010up study","volume":"106","author":"Lam C.S.","year":"2022","journal-title":"The British Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2013-303914"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","article-title":"Interventions for myopia control in children: a living systematic review and network meta\u2010analysis","volume":"2","author":"Lawrenson J.G.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.15649"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-023-00859-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-20243"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/507572"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo-2021-321005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12621"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.64.6.7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.62.5.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2013.255"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-25967"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.10834"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-25958"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-25955"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2024.102167"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-024-03337-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2023.08.019"}],"container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/aos.16795","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/aos.16795","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/aos.16795","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T15:52:46Z","timestamp":1772985166000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/aos.16795"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/aos.16795"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aos.16795","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1755-375X","1755-3768"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1755-375X","type":"print"},{"value":"1755-3768","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-06-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-10-28","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-11-15","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}