{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T15:34:41Z","timestamp":1791819281642,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]],"date-time":"2024-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dry eye disease is a common ocular condition, affecting quality of life and function for many people worldwide. This systematic review evaluates the effectiveness and safety of intense pulsed light (IPL) therapy for dry eye symptoms due to meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), as they are not yet established.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Comprehensive searches were conducted in January 2024 (Cochrane Library, Embase, MEDLINE). We included randomized controlled studies assessing the effects of IPL on dry eye symptoms or any adverse effects in patients with MGD. Two authors independently screened studies and evaluated the risk of bias. Meta\u2010analysis (random effects model) and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) were used to synthesize results and assess certainty of evidence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 13 studies were included in the review. The risk of bias was assessed as moderate in most results primarily due to the risk of selective reporting. The synthesis and GRADE assessment show that IPL probably results in a clinically relevant reduction in symptoms of dry eyes when compared to placebo (MD\u2009=\u2009\u221216 OSDI points; 95% CI\u2009=\u2009\u221220 to \u221212). However, whether the effect is clinically relevant when used as an add\u2010on to standard care is still unclear (MD\u2009=\u2009\u22127 OSDI points; 95% CI\u2009=\u2009\u221212 to \u22123). Furthermore, the evidence on adverse events is very uncertain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although IPL probably results in a clinically relevant reduction in symptoms of dry eyes when compared to placebo, in practice IPL would typically be used as an add\u2010on to standard treatment. It is therefore essential with further studies investigating whether this use would give a clinically relevant reduction in symptoms, and what the potential harm of IPL is when treating MGD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.16802","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]],"date-time":"2024-11-29T11:04:29Z","timestamp":1732878269000},"page":"371-379","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Effectiveness and safety of intense pulsed light therapy for dry eye symptoms due to meibomian gland dysfunction\u2014A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"103","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5352-1251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathalie","family":"Peira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"HTA Region Stockholm, Center for Health Economics, Informatics and Health Care Research (CHIS) Stockholm Health Care Services  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elham Mohammed","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HTA Region Stockholm, Center for Health Economics, Informatics and Health Care Research (CHIS) Stockholm Health Care Services  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naama Kenan","family":"Mod\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HTA Region Stockholm, Center for Health Economics, Informatics and Health Care Research (CHIS) Stockholm Health Care Services  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Fjellgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HTA Region Stockholm, Center for Health Economics, Informatics and Health Care Research (CHIS) Stockholm Health Care Services  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claes","family":"Lennmarken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HTA Region Stockholm, Center for Health Economics, Informatics and Health Care Research (CHIS) Stockholm Health Care Services  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Hultcrantz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HTA Region Stockholm, Center for Health Economics, Informatics and Health Care Research (CHIS) Stockholm Health Care Services  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2018.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/icu.0000000000000165"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123\u2010023\u201000784\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2020.1867750"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013559"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14\u201015\u2009764"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2012.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/opth.S332565"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","unstructured":"Higgins JPT T.J. 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