{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T14:18:55Z","timestamp":1791555535835,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,29]],"date-time":"2024-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,29]],"date-time":"2024-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735430400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate 2\u2010year changes in macular choroidal thickness (ChT) in children receiving 0.01% atropine eyedrops and its relationship with spherical equivalent refraction (SER) progression and axial length (AL) elongation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 250 myopic children aged 6\u201316\u2009years (167%\u20130.01% atropine, 83\u2010placebo) were enrolled in the MOSAIC (\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/ISRCTN36732601\">ISRCTN36732601<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      ) clinical trial. Participants with complete 2\u2010year ChT (Topcon Triton Swept\u2010Source OCT), SER, and AL data were included in this study. Changes in macular ChT at 2\u2009years and associations with changes in SER and AL elongation were analysed using linear mixed models.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 187 children (126%\u20130.01% atropine, 61\u2010placebo) were included in the analysis. Choroidal thickness over 2\u2009years was stable in the 0.01% atropine compared with placebo group, which exhibited consistent thinning in subfoveal (mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SE: 0.49\u2009\u00b1\u20092.22\u2009\u03bcm vs. \u22129.46\u2009\u00b1\u20092.69\u2009\u03bcm;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.034), parafoveal (1.40\u2009\u00b1\u20091.73\u2009\u03bcm vs. \u22128.11\u2009\u00b1\u20092.08\u2009\u03bcm;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002), and perifoveal (0.80\u2009\u00b1\u20091.25 vs. \u22126.17\u2009\u00b1\u20091.69;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002) macular subfields. Choroidal thickening was observed in participants with slower axial eye growth and myopia progression, regardless of their treatment group. Mediation analysis indicated that atropine 0.01% had a significant effect on ChT, with 68.3% of the effect being direct and 31.7% mediated through axial length changes. For SER, the direct effect on ChT was 80%, with the remaining 20% mediated by SER changes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Myopic participants treated with 0.01% atropine exhibited stable ChT over 2\u2009years, whereas the placebo group showed consistent thinning. The effect of atropine 0.01% on ChT was only partially explained by axial length and SER changes, indicating a direct effect of atropine treatment on the choroid.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.17429","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]],"date-time":"2024-12-30T02:19:36Z","timestamp":1735525176000},"page":"984-997","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Two\u2010year changes of macular choroidal thickness in response to 0.01% atropine eye drops: Results from the myopia outcome study of atropine in children (\n                    <scp>MOSAIC<\/scp>\n                    ) clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"103","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5955-7992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Kobia\u2010Acquah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Eye Research Ireland, Environmental Sustainability and Health Institute Technological University Dublin  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8957-0733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gareth","family":"Lingham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Eye Research Ireland, Environmental Sustainability and Health Institute Technological University Dublin  Dublin Ireland"},{"name":"Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science University of Western Australia  Perth Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel Ian","family":"Flitcroft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Eye Research Ireland, Environmental Sustainability and Health Institute Technological University Dublin  Dublin Ireland"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Children's Health Ireland at Temple Street Hospital  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3130-8991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James","family":"Loughman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Eye Research Ireland, Environmental Sustainability and Health Institute Technological University Dublin  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00175988"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.07.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-22748"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/exer.2002.1142"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5301\/ejo.5000965"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.1999.15.257"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-021-01855-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-021-00822-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2008.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo-2022-321815"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002090"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000001973"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.11.2.37"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","article-title":"Effect of childhood atropine treatment on adult choroidal thickness using sequential deep learning\u2010enabled segmentation. 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