{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T11:32:03Z","timestamp":1789731123034,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,8]],"date-time":"2025-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741392000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004786","name":"ODAS Stichting","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019\u201001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\u201001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004786","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine long\u2010term visual impairment and visual field examination (VF) after diverse treatments for paediatric optic pathway glioma (OPG), and to determine prognostic factors for long\u2010term severe visual impairment or blindness.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A nationwide retrospective cohort study (1995\u20132018) was performed on paediatric OPGs that received various (successive) therapies. The analysis of severe VI or blindness was represented by the outcome of both BCVA and VF testing. Prognostic factors for long\u2010term severe VI or blindness were identified.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data on BCVA and VF were available in 117 of 136 children (86.0%) who received treatment. After a median follow\u2010up of 8.3\u2009years (range: 0.1\u201323.8\u2009years) after the start of treatment, severe VI or blindness (&gt;1.0 LogMAR) was observed in both eyes in 18.8% of 117 patients and in 34.6% of 234 included eyes. This impairment was more common in sporadic OPGs. Monocular VF defects were present in 80.0% of a subgroup of 110 eyes (47.0%), predominantly represented by hemianopia in 69.3% and various scotomas in 28.4%. Independent prognostic factors for severe VI or blindness included starting therapy under the age of 2\u2009years and hypothalamic involvement of the OPG.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, long\u2010term binocular severe VI or blindness appeared in almost one in five patients and in one in three eyes after diverse treatment for paediatric OPG. Visual field data were available in only one in two children; VF defects were present in four out of five eyes. Children starting therapy under the age of 2\u2009years were particularly at risk for long\u2010term severe VI or blindness. Future prospective studies need to include VF analysis as an outcome parameter and should analyse treatment effects on both monocular and binocular BCVA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.17476","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T00:18:28Z","timestamp":1741738708000},"page":"662-673","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Visual outcome including visual field defects after treatment of paediatric optic pathway glioma: A nationwide cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"103","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4733-2120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C. A. M.","family":"Bennebroek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Cancer Center Amsterdam Cancer Treatment and Quality of Life  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"van Zwol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. C.","family":"Montauban van Swijndregt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. E.","family":"Loudon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Rotterdam, Erasmus MC University Medical Center  Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. L. W.","family":"Groot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Radboud University Medical Center  Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N. J. C.","family":"Bauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Maastricht University Medical Center  Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0860-1356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. W.","family":"Pott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen  Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I. C.","family":"Notting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Leids University Medical Center  Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. J.","family":"van Sorge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Dutch Visio, National Foundation for the Visually Impaired and Blind  Huizen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9286-8397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. M.","family":"van Genderen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Center for Complex Visual Disorders, Bartim\u00e9us  Zeist The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Neuro\u2010Oncology Princess M\u00e1xima Center for Pediatric Oncology  Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"de Graaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Cancer Center Amsterdam Imaging and Biomarkers  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. Y. N.","family":"Schouten\u2010van Meeteren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuro\u2010Oncology Princess M\u00e1xima Center for Pediatric Oncology  Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Saeed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Cancer Center Amsterdam Cancer Treatment and Quality of Life  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. L.","family":"Porro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology University Medical Center Utrecht  Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14020318"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2014.06.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.07.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-012-0944-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-013-1300-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2010.08.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.31358"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14246087"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0258548"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/b-005-148835"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-022-02096-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2018.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.22748"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1215\/15228517-2007-031"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.29649"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol\u20102017\u2010311305"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000435745.95155.b8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/nos076"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/nos202"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-832355"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2017.04.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noac223"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00149155"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2020.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-018-4007-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","unstructured":"ICD\u201010 Visual disturbances and blindness classification by the World Health Organization. International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems: 10th Revision. ICD\u201010 Version 2019. Available from:https:\/\/icd.who.int\/browse10\/2019\/en#\/H54.9[Accessed 1st November 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2014.5257"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2003.03.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14659"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.22198"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-019-1225-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410230113"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0130895"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.120.3.268"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-021-03835-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-006-0061-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","first-page":"85","volume-title":"Visual impairment in children due to damage to the brain","author":"Porro G.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1076\/noph.19.4.205.3939"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01658107.2020.1762097"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/0191-3913-19911101-07"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0212107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","unstructured":"Study protocol SIOPe LGG 2004. (2024). Available from:https:\/\/www.gpoh.de\/kinderkrebsinfo\/content\/e1676\/e9032\/e68518\/e5400\/download7688\/Master\u2010ProtokollGPOHVersionIApril2004_Druck_KLEIN_ger.pdf[Accessed 1st December 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr\/65246351"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-8994(02)00628-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09286586.2012.718027"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.01102"}],"container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/aos.17476","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T05:04:05Z","timestamp":1754975045000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/aos.17476"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,8]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/aos.17476"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aos.17476","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1755-375X","1755-3768"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1755-375X","type":"print"},{"value":"1755-3768","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-11-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-25","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-08","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}