{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T01:45:31Z","timestamp":1790300731278,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":109,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744329600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019562","name":"Synoptik-Fonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019562","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019562","name":"Synoptik-Fonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019562","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To determine the effectiveness of various interventions in reducing myopia progression in children. Literature databases were searched on December 2, 2023: PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Central, Web of Science Core Collection, BIOSIS Previews, Current Contents Connect, Data Citation Index, Derwent Innovations Index, KCI\u2010Korean Journal Database, Preprint Citation Index, ProQuest\u2122 Dissertations and Theses Citation Index and SciELO Citation Index. PRISMA guidelines and the Cochrane Handbook recommendations were followed. All unique interventions were analyzed individually in order to generate clinically applicable results. The main outcome was axial length progression. Secondary outcomes were incident corneal infiltrates, photophobia, development of an allergic response towards the intervention, visual acuity at near and distance and drop\u2010out from allocated intervention\/control. We identified 74 RCTs involving 12\u2009154 participants aged 6\u201318\u2009years. Network meta\u2010analysis compared axial length after 1\u2009year between 45 interventions and placebo or single\u2010vision spectacles. The most effective interventions reported in weighted mean difference and 95% confidence interval were low\u2010level red\u2010light (\u22120.33\u2009mm (\u22120.40, \u22120.25)), ortho\u2010K with 5\u2009mm treatment zone (\u22120.32\u2009mm (\u22120.41, \u22120.24)), ortho\u2010K with aspheric base curve (\u22120.29\u2009mm (\u22120.37, \u22120.22)), atropine 1.0% (\u22120.28\u2009mm (\u22120.30, \u22120.26)), combined atropine 0.01% and ortho\u2010K (\u22120.24\u2009mm (\u22120.37, \u22120.11)), spectacles with highly aspherical lenslets (\u22120.23\u2009mm (\u22120.26, \u22120.19)), ortho\u2010K with increased compression factor (\u22120.23\u2009mm (\u22120.28, \u22120.17), atropine 0.05% (\u22120.21\u2009mm (\u22120.30, \u22120.13)) and defocus incorporated multiple segments spectacles (\u22120.21\u2009mm (\u22120.27, \u22120.15)). Photophobia and reduced near\u2010visual acuity were reported for atropine, and lower adherence to treatment was found for atropine at 1.0%. There was no significant association between any interventions and corneal infiltrates or allergic reactions. Over 70% of the studies were conducted in Asian populations. This systematic review and network meta\u2010analysis highlights the efficacy of various interventions, including orthokeratology lenses, atropine, highly aspherical lenslets and defocus incorporated multiple segments spectacles in slowing axial elongation in children. Low\u2010level red\u2010light therapy also slowed axial length progression, but further research is needed to assess the potential side effects. Future studies should include diverse populations and standardized methodologies to enhance the applicability and comparability of results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.17496","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,12]],"date-time":"2025-04-12T01:32:37Z","timestamp":1744421557000},"page":"939-965","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Efficacy of interventions for myopia control in children: A\u00a0systematic review with network meta\u2010analyses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"103","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9887-6331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana Chaban\u00e9","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Copenhagen University Hospital \u2013 Rigshospitalet  Glostrup 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Michael","family":"Larsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Danish Optometric Association  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kjersti Kristin","family":"Lindblad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Copenhagen School of Design and Technology  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9678-2171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Flemming","family":"M\u00f8ller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Vejle Hospital University Hospital of Southern Denmark  Vejle Denmark"},{"name":"\u00d8jenklinikken K\u00e5rstad &amp; M\u00f8ller  Esbjerg Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annette","family":"Slyngborg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Synoptik A\/S  Herlev 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