{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T01:01:21Z","timestamp":1793062881990,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,21]],"date-time":"2025-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745193600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008750","name":"Shanghai Municipal Hospital Development Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SHDC2024CRI031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SHDC2024CRI031"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008750","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020YFA0112700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFA0112700"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82371056"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82371056"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To identify potential structural predictors for malignant glaucoma (MG) using ultrasonic biomicroscopy (UBM) images in primary angle\u2010closure glaucoma (PACG) eyes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study enrolled 99 MG inpatients (110 eyes) from 1 January 2014 to 30 June 2024 in Shanghai Eye &amp; ENT Hospital of Fudan University. Based upon surgical methods, the MG patients were divided into the trabeculectomy\u2010MG group (70 eyes) and the phacoemulsification\u2010MG group (40 eyes). PACG patients who did not develop MG were 1:1 matched to MG patients as controls. Preoperative information was collected, and four novel parameters were measured on UBM images, namely <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>c\u2010vz<\/jats:sub> (the area enclosed by ciliary body and vitreous zonule), <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>c\u2010vz<\/jats:sub> (the height of <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>c\u2010vz<\/jats:sub>), <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>min<\/jats:sub> (the length of the shortest zonule) and sCLD (simulated cilio\u2010lenticular distance).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared to PACG patients without MG, MG patients exhibited shorter axial length (AL), shallower anterior chamber depth (ACD) and smaller trabecular ciliary process angle (TCPA). Additionally, patients with MG exhibited shorter <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>min<\/jats:sub> and sCLD, as well as smaller <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>c\u2010vz<\/jats:sub> and <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>c\u2010vz<\/jats:sub> than patients without MG, regardless of the surgical method. <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>min<\/jats:sub>, sCLD, <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>c\u2010vz<\/jats:sub> and <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>c\u2010vz<\/jats:sub> demonstrated significantly higher predictive power than AL, ACD and TCPA. The combination of the four parameters reliably predicted MG with a sensitivity of 88.9% and a specificity of 76.5%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>PACG eyes with a shorter cilio\u2010lenticular distance and a narrower ciliary body\u2010to\u2010vitreous zonule area are more likely to develop malignant glaucoma. Four novel UBM\u2010measured parameters performed well in the prediction of malignant glaucoma either alone or in combination.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.17503","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,21]],"date-time":"2025-04-21T07:14:41Z","timestamp":1745219681000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Novel predictors for malignant glaucoma in primary angle\u2010closure glaucoma patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"103","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1267-0322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinyuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Eye &amp; ENT Hospital of Fudan University  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology &amp; Visual Science, Shanghai Medical College Fudan University  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiajian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Eye &amp; ENT Hospital of Fudan University  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology &amp; Visual Science, Shanghai Medical College Fudan University  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinghuai","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Eye &amp; ENT Hospital of Fudan University  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology &amp; Visual Science, Shanghai Medical College Fudan University  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration  Shanghai China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuhong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Eye &amp; ENT Hospital of Fudan University  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology &amp; Visual Science, Shanghai Medical College Fudan University  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/794938"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"311","article-title":"Malignant glaucoma","volume":"54","author":"Birge H.L.","year":"1956","journal-title":"Transactions of the American Ophthalmological Society"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000490914"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12256"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-10846"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-10847"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.10.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2015.3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2531595"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","first-page":"741","article-title":"Ciliary block (malignant) glaucoma following posterior chamber lens implantation","volume":"18","author":"Duy T.P.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-022-00580-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(01)01161-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2020.10.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjopt.2018.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.19-26867"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","first-page":"485","article-title":"Comparison of ciliary body anatomy between American Caucasians and ethnic Chinese using ultrasound biomicroscopy","volume":"41","author":"He N.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Current Eye Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-012-2252-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1964.00970020601004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.12818"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.19-26899"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/9616738"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2013.10.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-023-02903-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(64)92508-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1993.21"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-023-03053-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.63.13.16"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(86)90135-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(13)80238-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13816810.2024.2398827"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.12057"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00061198-200304000-00013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2004.07.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/873124"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.81.2.163"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/joco.joco_147_22"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-022-05640-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13816810.2023.2188225"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/852659"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.04.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.56.3.263"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","first-page":"33","article-title":"Bilateral malignant glaucoma \u2013 case report","volume":"49","author":"Stan C.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Oftalmologia"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(93)31479-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajoc.2018.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0161\u20106420(94)31222\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","first-page":"543","article-title":"Clinical analysis of malignant glaucoma after glaucoma surgery","volume":"40","author":"Wang M.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao. Yi Xue Ban"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08820538.2022.2085515"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1987.01060050053036"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","first-page":"63","article-title":"Management strategies in malignant glaucoma secondary to antiglaucoma surgery","volume":"9","author":"Wu Z.H.","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.747720"}],"container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/aos.17503","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T05:03:34Z","timestamp":1754975014000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/aos.17503"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,21]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/aos.17503"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aos.17503","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1755-375X","1755-3768"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1755-375X","type":"print"},{"value":"1755-3768","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-11-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-06","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-21","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}