{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T10:59:57Z","timestamp":1785236397067,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]],"date-time":"2025-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746489600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012151","name":"Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzen Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No.SZSM202311018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.SZSM202311018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012151","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the effect of intraocularly applied epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody panitumumab on axial elongation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is a preclinical, safety, and efficacy experimental study. Guinea pigs aged 2\u20133\u2009weeks were fitted with bilateral plano lenses (Group I; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200910) or underwent bilateral lens\u2010induced myopization (LIM) (Group II; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200910) with no intravitreal injections. Animals with LIM of Groups III (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200915), IV (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200915) and V (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200915) received three 4\u2010weekly intravitreal injections of panitumumab at doses of 25, 50 and 100\u2009\u03bcg, respectively, into their right eyes, and of phosphate\u2010buffered saline into their left eyes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Inter\u2010eye differences in axial elongation (right eye minus left eye at study end) decreased (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) from 0.00\u2009\u00b1\u20090.02\u2009mm (Group I) and\u2009\u2212\u20090.01\u2009\u00b1\u20090.02\u2009mm (Group II) to \u22120.09\u2009\u00b1\u20090.03\u2009mm (Group III), \u22120.12\u2009\u00b1\u20090.03\u2009mm (Group IV) and\u2009\u2212\u20090.17\u2009\u00b1\u20090.05\u2009mm (Group V). Interocular choroidal thickness differences (measured by optical coherence tomography) increased (<jats:italic>p\u2009&lt;<\/jats:italic>\u20090.01) from Groups I and II to Groups III\u2013V. Western blot analysis showed an increase (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) in expression levels of EGFR and its downstream phosphorylated signalling molecule, p\u2010PI3K, in Group II compared to Group I and a decrease in Groups III\u2013V compared to Group II (all <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Interocular differences in retinal thickness did not differ significantly (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05) between the groups. TUNEL staining revealed no significant differences in retinal apoptotic cell density among any groups (all <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intravitreally administered panitumumab in young guinea pigs with LIM resulted in a dose\u2010dependent and treatment frequency\u2010dependent reduction in axial elongation, supporting the role of EGFR signalling in axial elongation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.17516","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]],"date-time":"2025-05-06T04:23:00Z","timestamp":1746505380000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Epidermal growth factor receptor antibody and axial elongation in experimental myopia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"103","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0120-5756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li","family":"Dong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Ophthalmology &amp; Visual Sciences Key Lab, Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Blinding Eye Diseases Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen\u2010Da","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Ophthalmology &amp; Visual Sciences Key Lab, Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Blinding Eye Diseases Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu\u2010Hang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Ophthalmology &amp; Visual Sciences Key Lab, Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Blinding Eye Diseases Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ru\u2010Heng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Ophthalmology &amp; Visual Sciences Key Lab, Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Blinding Eye Diseases Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han\u2010Qing","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Ophthalmology &amp; Visual Sciences Key Lab, Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Blinding Eye Diseases Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chu\u2010Yao","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Ophthalmology &amp; Visual Sciences Key Lab, Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Blinding Eye Diseases Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"He\u2010Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Ophthalmology &amp; Visual Sciences Key Lab, Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Blinding Eye Diseases Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shan\u2010Shan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Ophthalmology &amp; Visual Sciences Key Lab, Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Blinding Eye Diseases Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao\u2010Tian","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Ophthalmology &amp; Visual Sciences Key Lab, Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Blinding Eye Diseases Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiao\u2010Yue","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Ophthalmology &amp; Visual Sciences Key Lab, Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Blinding Eye Diseases Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu\u2010Han","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Ophthalmology &amp; Visual Sciences Key Lab, Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Blinding Eye Diseases Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ze\u2010Tong","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Ophthalmology &amp; Visual Sciences Key Lab, Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Blinding Eye Diseases Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2972-5227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jost. B.","family":"Jonas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rothschild Foundation Hospital Institute Fran\u00e7ais de Myopie  Paris France"},{"name":"Singapore Eye Research Institute Singapore National Eye Center  Singapore Singapore"},{"name":"Privatpraxis Prof Jonas und Dr. Panda\u2010Jonas  Heidelberg Germany"},{"name":"Beijing Visual Science and Translational Eye Research Institute (BERI), Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua Medicine Tsinghua University  Beijing China"},{"name":"L V Prasad Eye Institute  Hyderabad Telangana India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2386-0989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen\u2010Bin","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Ophthalmology &amp; Visual Sciences Key Lab, Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Blinding Eye Diseases Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"680","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of muscarinic receptors in mouse scleral fibroblasts: prior to and after induction of experimental myopia with atropine treatment","volume":"17","author":"Barathi V.A.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Molecular Vision"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"1277","article-title":"Expression of muscarinic receptors in human and mouse sclera and their role in the regulation of scleral fibroblasts proliferation","volume":"15","author":"Barathi V.A.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Molecular Vision"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo-2023-323383"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-15642-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.8436"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.05.062"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa033025"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14080"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202001095RR"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.64.4.11"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-022-02417-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-006-0254-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2019.00849"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-14294"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2017.02.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2008.10.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2022.101156"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2023.109715"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","first-page":"239","article-title":"Effects of hepatocyte growth factor on MMP\u20102 expression in scleral fibroblasts from a Guinea pig myopia model","volume":"7","author":"Li X.J.","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1535370216638773"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","first-page":"1183","article-title":"Expression of bFGF and TGF\u2010beta 2 in experimental myopia in chicks","volume":"36","author":"Seko Y.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1277180"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1111\/aos.70023","type":"erratum","label":"Erratum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762819200000}}],"container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/aos.17516","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T05:04:02Z","timestamp":1754975042000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/aos.17516"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/aos.17516"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aos.17516","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1755-375X","1755-3768"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1755-375X","type":"print"},{"value":"1755-3768","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-02-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-23","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-06","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}